386 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[Not. W, I860. 



above arrangement does away with the record l and in my optaton 

 it should be done away with, for by so doing you get a peneci 

 cruising canoe and you never will m any other way. . 



-ppfmrmif, Sails —I was much surprised at the last A. U. A. meet 

 wheT urned out one morning to be told that ^e execute com- 

 mittee at their meeting the night before had prohibited the use 

 of my favorite sail, and I hope the honorable committee will 

 reacted the resolution passed at the meeting. It certainly does 

 hot look right to say that the A. C. A. has prohibited the use of a 

 ™rtain tind of sail when so many are coming into use wherever 

 you go I never had a sad that 1 could rot put up aodlowet while 

 afloat No man ever helped me to leave a whart or make a land- 

 fng becauseThe^ater was rough I never jumped mt u the * 

 when approaching the lee shore to save my boat. At the reviews 

 he d a Grindstone and Bow Arrow I « » h « f 

 nrifl lowered mv sail* the same as the rest of the fleet, it is miicc 

 a rail with so man v good points that the A. C. A. cannot forbid its 

 use wx^OUt rnure or less reaction hereafter. It is also largely in 

 u®e where members having but little time to enjoy a sail demre 

 to ri* un quickly. In small areas it is coming into use every day 

 some members Ha i I ! sed their sail areas out of 



future. Respectfully submitted by 

 Springmeld, Mass., Nov. 12. 



CANOEING IN ENGLAND. 



the Sail uau* nunwjiui trc^Bomui,., . » ~__ ---- z.^' n f 



iust returned from a long vacation m Scotland to find a pile fit 

 copies of the Sail and Paddle and the Forest and Stream await- 



^^reason^or^riting is that 1 fear Mr. Bigelow's letter, if not 

 reviewed, might give to American and Canadian canoeists a 

 somewhat misleading notion of the present state of canoeing m 

 England, botu as to our canoes and ear- rteing institutions. 



Not only is this letter applicable to Mr. Bigelow's article, but I 

 hone it may be read in conjunction with many paragraphs which 

 have appeared lately in the Forest and Stream, and I offer my 

 remarks in no hostile spirit to either paper or individual but 

 only in that bona tide canoeists in England are not desirous of ap- 

 ,„ „,-.-,• - . U ' : j: A -e.iu2-5 of a movement under which canoeing 

 is persuaded to "collidescope" into boating and small yachting, 

 all the while under the colors of canoeing, and therefore under 



ftt It must be borne in mind by my American readers that in Eng- 

 land we have two elements which detract greatly from the possi- 

 bility of canoeing as a sport ever here growing to A. C. A. pro- 

 portions. These are the absence of suitable waters handy to our 

 large cities, and that volunteer service and cycling steadily ab- 

 sorb a large number of young men who otherwise would probably 



^Mr.^Bigelo^says "The sport of canoeing is fast disappearing in 

 England, if it is not already gone, in spite of the tact that the 

 British Canoe Association Uas grown steadily in members since 



18 lt'is very evident that Mr. Bigelow tabes his cue from what he 

 saw at the B. C. A. mtet, at Falmouth, and if that were the true 

 barometer of English canoeing he would, no doubt, be justified m 



^However", as a fact, the British Canoe Association holds but a 

 small percentage of the British canoeists. It is not truly an asso- 

 ciation, but a club, and a boating club at that, in which canoes, 

 boats and small yachts are admitted indiscriminately. 



There are no "association" definitions to conserve the classes or 

 types, and no racing classifications to guide British canoeing— 

 even if i he association were acknowledged as "representative ot 

 British canoeing" (which, however, it is a long way from being). 



The British Canoe Association was started in 188/, at a cruis- 

 ing meet" of the Roval C. C, to which other clubs and canoeists 

 had been invited. It was created there and then -without, due 

 notice, and in the absence of many of the leading canoeist^, and 

 It promoters refused to reconsider or reopen new the details of its 

 constitution; hence a large number of the best known canoeists 

 held aloof from the so-called B. C. A. then and since. 



I have not, and never had, the slightest objection to the a. C. A. 

 as a "club," but I do object to a mixed boating, yachting and 

 canoeing body, assuming what to ordinary canoeing must appear 

 as the conservancy of canoeing, because of the national title used. 



Mr Bigelow, in the September Sailo.nd .PMdle, describes the 

 1890 meet of the B. C. A., and from all I have heard his descrip- 

 tion is Qepfeetly accurate and his criticism, so far as that meet is 



of those' here most do not pretend that they can be paddled at alt 



machines," as perfect for match sailing as they would be imper- 

 il hlve, a as°you point out, myself had such a craft in 1870. Her 

 lines were in Kemp's first edition of "Yacht and Boat filing. I 

 soon gave up the schooner rig and put her back to th e mdinary 

 canoe fitout of main lug and mizen Though she was successful 

 in racing, she was simply abominable tor hauling about , or hous- 

 ing- needed two regular cradles to sit on m the boat house. 



In davVWe saT below and steered by foot, what would she 

 not do when sailed now from the deck position and with ^limited 

 sail ? Well, the R. C. C. limits stop her, but the A. C. A. rules 

 distinctly Invite such craft. ... ± 4 -k • 



I know' full well that all "limitations" are vexatious to the in- 

 ventive genius, but they are necessary for the common good. 1 

 think the Roval Canoe Club has gone too minutely to work-but 

 that is ever the result of undigested amendments being sprung 

 upon a meeting and accepted rather than risk losing an important 

 reform. The divergence from canoe type m England used to be 

 in beam, depth and ballast, butour American cousins taught us the 

 power gaiuable by sitting out to windward, we saw the danger 

 that that position would invoke huge sails and deep wedge bodies 

 and lead or heavy plates; so we limited sail area, and thus at one 

 stroke cut off any advantage that might have been gained by the 

 threatened divergence from true canoes. With sail area limited 

 and length limited, beam, centerplate and keel limits are ot very 

 minor importance, and could with advantage be simplified in the 

 rule so as to gi ve greater freedom of model. It has been declared 

 on all hands in yachting that under the length and sail area rule 

 it is impossible to build a successful monstrosity— therefore with 

 the canoe all we have further to do is to insure that canoe 

 nature" is conserved to the craft. The A. C. A and the R. C. C. 

 rule being so very nearly alike, let me suggest that a simplified 

 medium rule might be agreed upon between the three countries. 

 America, Canada and England— otherwise international racing is 



^^mericaus^isiting England would have to comply with the re- 

 quirements not only of limited sail area, but as to position of 

 center plate, i. c, not abaft mid-lengths, size of well, etc. English- 

 men going to America to sail for the A. C. A. and New York 

 trophies are under the disadvantage that, unless they build 

 specially for such trip a canoe simply a racer and which they 

 would not be allowed to test in our English races, they take over 

 a canoe built and fitted and tested under the curb of our "limita- 

 tions." Neither of us are Romans, so I don't see why, when we 

 go abroad we should "do as the Romans do." It should he legis- 

 lated so as to be a case of "When Greek meets Greet, then comes 

 the tug of war." .. , .' L . .... 



The canoe yawls, to which Mr. Bigelow refers as "big canoes." 

 have come into favor in England in many places where the waters, 

 owing to mud banks, etc., are unsuited to small canoes. But with 

 no guiding definitions or limitations the successive boats of this 

 type have quickly "run to seed" in the direction of small yachts, 

 with heavv lead keels, bowsprits, jibs and gaff sails. 



The Royal C. C. does not recognize them as canoes, but has. as 

 the senior authority on canoeing in England, created a definition 

 in order to draw the line between canoe type and yacht nature. 

 The definition is very simple, yet effective: "Length not over 20ft., 

 beam not less than 3ft., depth from upper side of deck to under 

 side of keel, measured anywhere, not to exceed 3ft. No ballast 

 outside or below the garboards, excepting center plates. No tran- 



: counterstern. Rating ( 



lengthxsail area\ 



6000 



not to exceed 



0.5." 



Kingston, Hendon, Liverpool, Wear, Tyne,Tees, Sunderland, etc., 

 for, at these places, he would have seen "canoes" as really canoes 

 as any in America. Did he see the Royal C. C. races? I believe 

 he is a member of the Royal C. C. Has he lost his club book? if 

 not let him turn to pages 15, 16, 17 and 18, he will there see that 

 our definition, under which alone canoes are allowed to race in 

 the R. C. C. is really stricter than the A. C. A. rule. We limit 

 size exactlv the same as A. G.A. rules; we, above this, limit sail 

 area to 112 sq. ft.;' we prohibit sliding out deck seats, bucket 

 wells and standing sails (the latter practically), and we paddle 

 our races in the same canoes we sail our races in. 



The majority of our canoes are 16ft. by 30in. beam, and about 

 oin. draft, and sailed without ballast, or with very little. The 

 rather too minute limitations, such as to minimum depth (page 

 16), were incorporated to stop the building of mere bottoms decked 

 over. i. $., too small a craft instead of, as Mr. Bigelow suggests, 

 too large a boat. . . 



As a matter of experience— with the squally winds we get in 

 EDgland in the early summer— I do not view the sliding out deck 

 seat as detrimental to canoeing, provided, as with us, a reason- 

 able limit, is put to sail area. Our limit of 113ft. is too small, and 

 might well be put up to 120ft. 



With sail area limited to 120ft., which is an area a 16ft.X30m. 

 canoe can carry by balance of her crew, I don't think that a 

 heavily ballasted canoe cutter (see the Forest and Stream, Sept. 

 25) would, except in a gale, beat the ordinary Mo-ballast canoe. 

 But under the A. C. A. rules unlimited sail may be piled on suffi- 

 cient not only to drive the extra weight, but also to overcloud 

 the light canoe in moderate winds, and the lead and power must 

 enable her to outcarry the light craft in a heavy blow and lumpy 

 sea. Added to this also is the advantage of using a long extended 

 seat fitted to a platform of comparatively stable nature, a bucket 

 well and low freeboard. 



Here^you have the possibility of a class of craft veritable 



Thus, if the "yawl" is 20ft. long she can only have 150ft. of sail, 

 and no expert designer would give such a craft excessive beam or 

 depth or ballast. The far more likely danger would be a shallow 

 saucer-shaped skimmer built to suit particular water. 



As yet canoe-yawls have not shown any sailing superiority over 

 canoes. On Hendon Lake the best canoes have beaten the yawls 

 in all kinds of breezes and smooth water, but there has not been a 

 trial between the best canoes and yawls in lumpy water. 



Of course t he vawl men say "the yawl will yet be built which," 

 etc., etc. Of course it will, but we never iutended to be always 

 able to right gunboats against line of buttle ships. 



For girling-sailing, of course, a "yawl" is the thing and suits the 

 married member, and so no harm is done to "canoeing;" but harm 

 is done to our sport when "yawls" stalk abroad as "canoes." Rail- 

 way and steamer companies having agreed to a rate for carrying 

 canoes, then find heavy monsters put upon them. Up go the 

 charges never to come down again. 



I cannot doubt but that the present danger to canoe sailing iu 

 America is the absence of a (reasonable) limit to sail area, and in 

 England is the presence of (unreasonable) minor limitations. Un- 

 der the A. C. A. rules, as now existing, model yacht elements 

 must come to the fore and the hona fide canoe must take a back 

 seat. Under the English minor limitations (cruising requirements 

 as to fitting?) a canoe is at a disadvantage when pitted against 

 the less fettered A. C. A. craft. Whether one or both these evils 

 require amendment is a question to be promptly considered before 

 the "damage is done." 



v osn he naddled at all If the majority prefer to let the machine develop, well, let her 

 The ?Jv™ pannr. H w *lP5 but dcm, t stop at that; create a second or cruiser class under 

 all the same conditions as the racer class-except that some limit- 

 ations are added to conserve the bona fide canoe of general utility, 

 viz., a reasonable limit to sail area— say HSsq.ft. A reasonable 

 size of hatchway to enable sitting below. Reasonable hatchways 

 in the decks for stowage purposes; and two permanent bulkheads 

 below with space between for sitting in, i. e., 4ft. 



If this second class were created there would be cudos in racing 

 „ "cruiser" against the "machines" if she won, and admitted fair 

 excuse if she were beaten, whereas at present it would be asinine 

 folly to expect to beat with cruiser fittings a craft solely fitted 

 and designed for racing, which some vulgar people call a "racing 

 machine." W. Baden-Powedl (Nautilus), R.C.C. 



November, 1800. 



race. Diamond's steering gear grave out, and she had to stop for 

 repairs, and was passed by the Whizz. The first round was com- 



Vanessa" ^ 12 51 30 Stella,.. 13 55 00 



Whizz : . . 13 52 40 Birdie , 13 56 00 



Diamond 13 54 50 Mercury 12 56 30 



In the second round at the lower buoy Whizz was struck with a 

 squall and capsized, and her example was immediately followed 

 by Birdie, whose plumage got considerably soaked before she was 

 picked up by the Nina, who this year has been much engaged in 

 rescue work. Whizz and Birdie were now out of the race, which 

 was continued by the others, until Diamond, nearing the home 

 buoy, carried away her rudder, and after this second mishap re- 

 tired. The three canoes now left in the race finished the remain- 

 ing rounds as under: 



2d Round. 3d Round. 4tb Round. Final. 



Vanessa 1 14 00 1 88 30 2 02 00 2 2S 00 



Stella 1 19 00 1 42 .10 2 08 00 3 iS8 00 



Mercury 1 23 30 1 47 10 2 14 00 2 42 00 



The winner sailed remarkaHy well throughout, and quite de- 

 served her victory, the owner receiving the congratulations of his 

 competitors, and of a number of old sailing cauoeists who were 

 looking on. Tiie limes of the rounds were very fast, but with the 

 exception of a beat into the bight, it was nearly all reaching. 



Vanessa and Whizz will meet to-day (Saturday), Oct. 25, to sail 

 off the final heat, and if there is a breeze we expect to see a good 



fl ^0ci'. 25.— The final match for the £50 challenge cup (sailing) 

 came off on Hendon Lake on Saturday. Two wins out of three 

 races is now the mode of competing for this trophy, and was in- 

 augurated this year in order to prevent the cup being won on a 

 fluKe. But owing to want of wind in the early summer the racing 

 had to be postponed to October, and consequently found the 

 racers much more off thau on, many being away touring and 

 sporting. Even had the whole racing fleet been at the starting 

 line it must be admitted that the ear.y start and short day ap- 

 pertaining to an October rare, together with biting wind and cold 

 water, tones down the allurement of canoe racing, except perhaps 

 to the few known "best chance" men. 



On the 18th a hard breeze with squalls lasted well through the 

 t( n-mile race (triangular course), which was sailed by the win- 

 ner, Vanessa, in lh. 55m. Whiz, the final winner, being third in 

 that race, until Diamond's gear carried away, when Whiz took 

 second place, but soon after capsized and gave up. Nautilus, 

 though entered, was not a competitor, her owner being away in 

 Scotland. . 



On the 35th the two winners of the previous races met to sail off 

 the deciding match. The start was made at 12:45 in a W.S.W. 

 fresh breeze and drizzling rain, the two canoes were about 3yds. 

 apart beam and beam, with Vanessa in the lee berth on crossing 

 the line to beat to windward. Their sail plans were about equal, 

 large main fug and small mizen lug, total area limited to 112»q.ft. 

 Vanessa carried a heavy centerplate and some oOlbs. of lead; W biz 

 had a light plate and no ballast. The boats are of same length 

 and beam. In beating to windward Vanessa soon showed out and 

 took the lead, and at the lower mark was lm. 35s. ahead of Whiz, 

 but the latter gained on the run to the home buoy, a disiai.ee of 

 one mile. 43s. This form of sailing was repeated l hroughout the 

 match, the difference between the boats appearing more marked 

 as the wind fell lighter; Vanessa won the first round by 35s. In 

 the second round the wind fell off, and Whiz on the run up got 

 the lead; but the pair came up beam and beam a long way, Van- 

 essa only dropping astern when near the home mark by declining 

 to gibe her boom over to a shift of wind which took her by the lee. 

 After this Vanessa again got the lead, but working into a calm 

 patch she was passed by Whiz, the latter carrying a strong free 

 puff all to herself well down to the lower buoy. At the end of the 

 third round Whiz was leading by 20s. The wind got more to west 

 and to north of west, and Vanessa made a slight gain the fourth 

 round, or 8 miles, giving Whiz a lead of 14s. 



The wind had now got to N. W-. and made it nearly all reaching. 

 Vanessa again got level with Whiz, at west end of the lake, but 

 mistaking the position of the buoy luffed far out of the course, 

 letting Wbiz round with a good lead. None the less, Vanessa 

 closed a lot on the reach home and made a close finish, the differ- 

 ence being 13s. The whole time elapsed but 2b. 47m. Mr. Croxall, 

 the owner of Whiz, was much congratulated on winning the cup. 



The result of the cup racing is that, out of the three races two 

 have been in light wind and smooth water and one in a strong 

 breeze and moderately rough water; and that the light, small, no- 

 ballast, boat wins in light weather. Vanessa is the Nautilus of 

 18S7, a comparatively heavy deep cauoe, fitted with all cruising 

 appliances; whereas Whiz is essentially, except as to compara- 

 tively small differences ot lines, of the Charm type; she has no 

 cruising arrangements, such as hatchways for storage, and is of 

 very shallow construction. Possibly, being 10'm. longer than 

 Charm, the Whiz might make a better show in American compe- 

 tir.iou than Charm did, but a very general opinion prevails among 

 R.C.C. men, t hat she is not of a type which can perform well in 

 strong squally winds or really rough water. On the whole, the 

 Royal Canoe Club has enjoyed an excellent season of racing, and 

 the prizes have been well distributed among the best boats. The i 

 official table of races sets out the following order of winnings: 



1st 2d Ohal-Totel. 



Position. Canoe. 



Owner. 



Prizes. Prizes. 



ROYAL C. C. CHALLENGE CUP. 



THE race for the challenge cup, postponed from June 14, took 

 place Oct. 18 in a spanking breeze, from the northwest, with 

 occasional heavy slammers. The following canoes were entered: 

 Boat. Owner. Boat. Owner. 



Whizz E. R. T. Croxall. Atalanta R. De Q. Quincey. 



Nautilus .... W. Baden Powell. Birdie P. Waterlow. 



Stella G. E. Webster. Vanessa ..... B. De Quincey. 



Selene S. F. Staples. Roulette C.Livingstone. 



Severn T. H. Holding. Nemo P. Cox. 



Diamond..... H. Church. Mercury D. Waterlow. 



Of these, however, only the Whizz, Stella, Diamond, Birdie, 

 Vanessa and Mercury put in an appearance. Much regret was 

 felt at the absence of Nautilus and Atalanta. The race was under 

 the management of Mr. Herbert, the senior mate, assisted by 

 Messrs. Miles and Ingram, and was started at 13:30. 



Vanessa was first over the line, and went off with a good lead, 

 followed by Diamond and Whizz, the others being in close prox- 

 imity. At the buoy in the bight Diamond was first, but Vanessa 

 soon after passed her, and was never again headed during the 



1 — — 



1 Nautilus.W. Baden Powell.... 3 2 



3 Vanessa.. B. de Quincey 3 1 



3 Whiz Croxall 1 — 



4 Severn .. .Holding 2 (mixed) 



5 Stella Webster 1 2 



6 Atalanta R. de Quincey , 1 — 



Second .*odd 1 1 



Class Roberts l — 



Vawtq J Nina Mills 1 



yawls., -j Calkjn _ 



Whether the speed of the canoes lately built is better than was, 

 got out of a craft ten years back, such as Pearl and Nautilus of i 

 1880, is a question which has lately been asked by several old: 

 hands, who no longer are active canoeists; up to half that elapsed, 

 time, say 1885, the answer is clearly "Yes." But when we come 

 beyond that date, to 1886, we have Stella (the Nautilus of 1886) and 

 Vanessa (the Nautilus of 1887) still good enough to win in the mod-' 

 ern company in good breezes. 



Times of performing the course count for little as guides, as all 

 depends on the exact direction, strength and steadiness of thei 

 wind. 



The fact remains that, so far, no canoe has been produced whic 

 has come to Hendon— sailed all the matches— and won each racei 

 she sailed in, which was sailed out. 



The canoe may exist— but probably has yet to be built— which 

 will be entitled to hoist tho "clean-sweep" broom at the mizen.— 

 Nautilus, B. O. C, in Field. 



A YEAR TOO LATE— Messrs. Harlan & Hollingsworth wil 

 build a duplicate of the steamer Shelter Island this winter, am 

 next year two boats will be Tun to Greenport and Sag Harbor. 



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