419 



are flat ledges of rock, that in some places for 

 a considerable extent are quite bare, and in 

 others but very superficially covered with a 

 layer of earth; more inward these rocks disap- 

 pear, and are succeeded by a dark mould, or 

 else a yellowish loam, which continues to the 

 skirts of the mountains. On the fore parts of 

 the seigniory there remains but little wood ; in 

 the interior, however, and on the heights, the 

 timber is of the best quality, beech, birch, and 

 maple. It is watered by the River Montmo- 

 renci on the north-east side, by the Petite Ri- 

 viere de Beauport, and by many small streams 

 falling into the St. Lawrence, and forming rivu- 

 lets along the beach at low water : about two 

 leagues from the front there is a small lake, and 

 at a short distance further on the River Jaune ; 

 some small mountain streams flow between the 

 different ridges. The cultivated land extends 

 about six miles from the St. Lawrence, and is 

 for the most part in a state of excellent tillage, 

 producing all kinds of grain abundantly, vegeta- 

 bles, &c. &c. In various parts of the seig- 

 niory there are quarries of stone, that furnish an 

 excellent supply for the new buildings in the 

 city and in the neighbourhood ; there are also 

 in many places indications of veins of coal, but 

 no attempt has yet been made to work them. 

 A large quantity of maple sugar is made here, 



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