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in the rear; six leagues in breadth by six 

 leagues in depth; was granted January I5th, 

 16365 to M. Simon Le Maitre, and is now the 

 property of John Caldwell, Esq. The soil 

 throughout this extensive property is, generally 

 speaking, of a superior description ; it includes 

 almost every variety, but the sort that predomi- 

 nates is a rich, lightish loam, and in situations 

 lying rather low, a fine dark mould. In the front 

 but little timber remains ; in the interior, and 

 towards the rear, beech, maple, birch, and pine 

 are found in great plenty, besides some oak ; of 

 the inferior sorts, cedar, hemlock, and spruce, 

 are very abundant. It is watered b}^ the Rivers 

 Chaudiere, the Beaurivage, falling into the 

 Chaudiere, the Echemin, the Boyer, and several 

 other inferior rivers and streams. The Chau- 

 diere and Echemin traverse the seigniory in a 

 south-easterly direction, and the Beaurivage 

 by a south-westerly course. Neither of them 

 are navigable for boats, or even canoes to 

 any distance, on account of the great num- 

 ber of falls and rapids : their banks, but most 

 particularly those of the Chaudiere, are lofty 

 and steep, presenting in many places almost 

 perpendicular rocky cliffs. The banks of the 

 St. Lawrence are also high and steep, covered 

 with trees of a small growth on some spots, 

 but cleared and cultivated in others: the 



