April 2, ISQt] 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



211 



superior ofla.cers, and especially those who promoted his 

 advancemenb. The Census Bureau may well hesitate to 

 publish statistics obtained by methods which have already 

 provoked widespread censure, and are tinctured by 

 motives which would be discreditable even among 

 savages. 



HUBBARD LAKE WHITEFISH. 



ALPENA, Slich., Feb. U— Editor Forcsl and Sti-min: 

 Noticing an article some time since iu the Fohkst 

 AND Stream in regard to catching whitefish with liook 

 and line in Otsego Lake, N. Y., I have been thinking 

 that perhaps we have the same fish in Hubbard Lake, 

 Alcona county, Mich. I referred to what authorities I 

 had at the time the article was written and they say that 

 it is a different species of whitefish and commonly called 

 Otsego bass. T have had this Hubbard Lake fish and a 

 true whitefish from Lake Huron placed side by side, and 

 there is quite a difterence between them. A fish is 

 caught also in Lake Huron which is the same as the 

 Hubbard Lake fish, and is commonly called by the fish- 

 ermen long-jaw or black-fin, to distmguish it from the 

 true whitefish. The Hubbard Lake fish and the long-jaw 

 ate exactly ahke, as far as I could distinguish: the long- 

 jaw has a mouth more like a herring: the mouth is four 

 times as large as that of a whitefish: the fins are dark; 

 back dark, and they are very inferior in flavor and eat- 

 ing qualities to the ti'ue whitefish. Their habits in the 

 spawning season are different also; the true whitefish 

 spawns on gravel or rocky bottom, while the long-jaw 

 spawns at least two weeks later and deposits its eggs on 

 a thick growth of weeds. The average size is about 

 31bs., but I have caught specimens of 7 and 81bs, with a 

 spear late in the fall. I have never heard of one caught 

 with hook or line. Perhaps you may be able to inform 

 me whether this fish is the saaie as the Otsego bass, as if 

 they will take a hook I can have some sport with them, 

 for the lake contains very many of them and is easily 

 reached from here. H. B. 



The Hubbard Lake whitefish, which is so well described 

 above, is a variety of the bldck-fin and has recently re- 

 ceived the name Coregonus nigrijDiintis var. hisseJU, given 

 in honor of the president of the Michigan Fish Commis- 

 sion, The whitefishes of North America are divided into 

 two great groups, one of which contains sptcies having 

 the lower jaw shorter than the upper and included within 

 it, whUe in the other group the species have larger mouths 

 and a projecting lower jaw. The true whitefish and 

 "Otsego bliss"" belong to the first of these divisions; the 

 black-fin and Hubbard Lake whitefish come into the 

 group with the lower jaw the longer, A figure of the 

 whitefish or "Otsego bass" is published in our issue of 

 l^klarch 19; a comparison of the Michigan fish with this 

 cut will at once show that it may be distinguished by the 

 structure of the jaw. The Lake Miltona whitefish, of 

 Minnesota, is a near relative of the Hubbard Lake sppcies; 

 as this fish sometimes takes the hook there is little doubt 

 that the Michigan variety will do the game. 



The figure in our issue of March 19 should have been 

 credited to the ''Fishery Industries," from which it was 

 copied. Mr. Phinney writes of it: '"It so chanced that 

 just as my eye fell on the admirable engra^dug my son 

 came in with 9 of the fish (recently taken and all within an 

 hour) and there they were, side hy side, copy and original. 

 The likeness is perfect — a facsimile." 



ANGLING RETREATS OF MAINE. 



v. — THE ELLIOTTSATCLLE LAKES AND POJiDS— COKTINUED 



THE fisher who locates for a few days or weeks at any 

 of the Onaway camps is not confined entirely to the 

 trout and salmon fishing there. 



In this township and nestling among these forest-clad 

 mountains are many smaller lakes and ponds Two of 

 the most noted for landlotked salmon are the two Benson 

 pojids, the larger known as Big Benson. They are about 

 one and one-half miles north of Onaway, and'the salmon 

 and trout fishing there i^ not excelled in that vicinity. 

 From Onaway one can also go to Brown's Farm, thence 

 to Long Pond and Hedgehog Pond before mentioned. 

 Houston Pond, Houston Bog and Chah'back Pond are 

 also in that section. Chairback is in a northwesterly 

 direction from Onaway on the south side of Chau-back 

 Mountain. The outlet of Onaway empties into Sebec 

 Lake some three miles to the south. This is a lake twelve 

 miles long. Several steamboats ply its waters, and some 

 summer cottages have been erected on its shores. Land- 

 locked salmon, pickerel, white perch and smelts are lis 

 principal fish. These salmon are natives of the Sebec, 

 Onaway, Long Pond and the Benson waters. Trout and 

 salmon fishing on the Onaway Stream is always good. 



A mong the attractions and natural scenery in EUiotts- 

 ville which delight the tourist none is more delightful 

 than the Little Wilson Falls on the Little Wilson Stream, 

 which empties into the Wilson Kiver a short distance 

 above the bridge and the falls above referred to. They are 

 about three-quarters of a mile from the wagon road "in a 

 southwesterly direction. The Little Wilson there flows 

 through a deep gorge. A very steep and narrow ridge 

 divides the stream from a tributary north of it. At the 

 head of the gorge, some sixty rods from its mouth, is a 

 waterfall sixty or more feet high. It is often visited by 

 sportsmen, tourists and anglers, and is mentioned in sev- 

 eral guide books. 



A tour up the Wilson River is also a favorite one for 

 anglers. There they iind a labyrinth of streams and 

 brooks and many small ponds seldom explored, where the 

 trout are very abundant. 



On the Elliotteville road, six miles from Monson Vil- 

 lage, the angler may put up his team at the farm build- 

 ings of Mr. R. C. Davip, and after walking one-half mile 

 in a northerly direction he arrives at Bear Pond, about 

 one mile in area, in a spruce forest under some high hills, 

 and where are foimd some of the finest specimens of 

 spotted trout that are in this entire lake region. They 

 are very numerous, although not of a large size. From 

 June to October the fly-fisherman is always sure of a fau* 

 eatch and quite often "a very large one. 



About one mile northward from Bear are three or four 

 other ponds. Two of these, Juniper Knee and North 

 Ponds, have a very fair reputation for trout fishing. 



Although the highways of the world's commerce liave 

 penetrated this lake, forest and mountain couutiw, and 

 the clau^ and noise of the locomotive have already 

 startled the deer mi surprjsea tfee bear a?l4 tiie oawbrni 



in their woody retreats, yet the rails are only on its very 

 border, and the soil being better adapted to raising spruce 

 trees than for anything else, there is no immediate pros- 

 pect of any further marks of the vandalism which usually 

 follows the "march of civilization." The great bulk of 

 the tree growth is spruce, which is owned by parties in- 

 terested only in its value for the winter operations of 

 lumbering. " As this is a successful business the owners 

 have every motive for preserving it in its natural state. 

 The spruce forestiy of Maine is reproductive. So the 

 continual cuttings by the lumbermen during the winter 

 do not deplete it as is the case in some States. 



In one of Victor Hugo's posthumous works appears the 

 following: ''It is a huinble corner of earth and water 

 which would be admired if it were in Switzerland, and 

 famous if it were in Italy, and is unknown because it is 

 in Guipuzcoa." These words of the great artist are very 

 applicable to this Monson and EUiottsville region in the 

 judgment of the writer. J . F, S. 



MoNSOsr, Me. 



NEW ENGLAND TROUT. 



^"^HE legal trout season wiU open in Massachusetts 

 J- April 1, before these lines are perused by the readers 

 of the Forest ai^d Stream, If possible, there is more 

 interest than usual iu this opening. Last year was a pro- 

 pitious one with the rod and line s^jortf men of the State, 

 in that the catches of trout were more abundfiit and con- 

 tained individuals of larger size than for many years. 

 This alone is sufiicieut to increase the interest and make 

 the anglers more anxious to be on the ground early. It 

 is a peculiar feature that Fast Day, in this State, is ap- 

 pointed for April 2, and this will give the sportsmen, 

 many of whom are business men , a better chance to be 

 out. Rods are being put in order for the dsy that the 

 Governor has appointed for "ei. day of fasting and prayer." 

 If some of the boys engage in devotions at all, it will be 

 beside the running waters, and their fasting is likel}^ to be 

 continued only while wading the streams or fishing for 

 luck. But the weather is not yet very comfortable for 

 outing, though the strea-ns near the sea coast and in the 

 southern part of the State are all open, and the water is 

 at about the right ijitch for fishing. It is a common 

 question for a friend to ask a friend of known fishing pro- 

 clivities if he is ''going to drown any worms" on Fast 

 Day? But it will not be all worms that will be taken out. 



The Monument Club will be well rppresented at their 

 waters on the Cape on tin? opening day, and still better 

 represented on Fast Day. Tnis club includes some of the 

 first merchants and professional men of Boston, among 

 whom are the Shattucks, noted lawyers, and many 

 others. They have their tackle ready for Fast Day, Mr. 

 Foster, of Foster & Weeks, proposes to try the streams in 

 the vicinity of Waltham; but the greatest movement of 

 the fishermen will be toward the Cape, The expectation 

 is that a goodly number of sea trout may be secured, 



Mr. C. E. Leonard, well known in the dry goods trade 

 here, but now a prosperous woolen manufacturpr of Ben- 

 nington. Vt,, will try a private stream in Falmouth, 

 Mass. He goes there by invitation of the Swift Brothers, 

 who have bought the stream, once a mill stream, but 

 they propose to improve it in the way of a summer farm. 

 Mr, Leonard will take his Kttle son with him, who, 

 though a boy of only ten years, is as fond of the line and 

 the rod as his father. When seven years of age he had a 

 record of trout caught. Such are' among the few who 

 will try the streams on Fast Day. The number includes 

 many of the first business and prof es3ion.al men of Boston 

 and other cities in the State. You may laugh at the fish- 

 erman and all his luck if you please, but he will be there 

 the next time all the same. 



The opening of the Maine waters does not occur till a 

 month later, and if a vast quantity of ice and snow have 

 anything to do with the opening of the trout waters 

 there, the opening; will be very late this year. The snow 

 is still deep in Maine. The rivers are generally open, 

 however, from a very heavy fall of rain a week ago^ which 

 took out the ice, with a good deal of damage to dams and 

 bridges. But the smaller streams are still locked in ice, 

 or bordered with such a quantity of snow that it would 

 be next to impossible to reach them, even if it were of the 

 least use to fish in so much snow water, or if it were legal 

 to fish for trout previous to the first day of May. It is 

 suggested by old guides and others that the celebrated 

 trout lakes and ponds will scarcely open in Maine previous 

 to May 15, though the opening has taken place at the 

 Eangeleys as early as April 29. The oiiening of the trout 

 streams will be earlier, but there is yet a ^•ast body of 

 snow to run down them, and it is doubtful if there is 

 really any fishing in these streams as early as May 1, the 

 beginning of the legal ox-ien season. 



Better than the usual annual display of live trout is 

 promised this year by Geo. B, Apjjleton & Co., at their 

 tackle shop on Washington street. They will haA^e the 

 usual tanks and fountain in the window, and they pro- 

 pose to show a Tibs. English trout, Ciilifornia rainbow 

 trout, hybrid ti'out, Loch Leven trout, besides a good 

 showing of brook trout. Then- supply will come from 

 Plymouth, N, H., as usual, with some good specimens 

 from Plymouth, Mass. It is ciirious to note the amount 

 of interest there is taken each year in this display. There 

 is always a crowd at the window, and at first extra 

 policemen are required to keep order. Grown up men, 

 with possibly but little knoAvledge of trout, will stand 

 and watch the fish in the tank. There are many who 

 would like to be trout fishermen, if they could. The de- 

 sire is growing, and where shall the supply of trout come 

 from? Special, 



Angling Talks. By George Dawson. Price so cents. Fly- 

 Rocls and Flij-TacMe. By H. P. Wells. Price S2.50. Fly- 

 Fishing and Fly-Making for Trout. By J. U. Keene. 

 Price $1.50. Ameriean Angler-' s Book. By Thad. Norris. 

 P)Hce $5.50. 



The extll texts of the game fish laws of all the States, 

 Territories and British Pro^^nces are given in the iJooTc of 

 tlie Game Laws. 



A Boos. Aboui Indiaiis.— The Forest and Stream will madi 

 free on application a descrijytive circuiar of Mr. Grinnell's book, 

 "Pawnee Hera Stories s.iid t olii-Tales," gtviue' a table of contentf 

 tail BPe'iimBTi lUnRtradf^'^i'; frr r.i f'ff T^'-iume — ^(is. 



Names asb Portraits of Birds, by G^nrdon Tramotm. A 

 t^ook particularly interesting to gnxm&vs, for by its use tlioy cai 

 Ideattf y withunt Questiori ali tha Amerloaii gaiai» birds wtilcb 

 •ubey raay kiU, Gjeig, m $riot> p^, for Ud» r«!aS65 



STOCKING PENNSYLVANIA WATERS. 



WE give below a stateraent of the fishes distributed by 

 the Pennsylvania Fish Commission in 1890. The in- 

 crease of trout over the number sent out in 1889 was about 

 1,000,000. Owing to the loss of many breeding fish by over- 

 crowding at Corry, the di.stTibutiou of brook trout in 1891 

 will .show a falliuK oft', but from the present indications 

 the season of 1892 will be more than ever .successful. In 

 1890 only 135 large brown trout were planted, but the ship- 

 ments now going on will place 115,000 fry into the streams. 

 Applications for brook trout in 1890 numbered 550 at the 

 Western Hatchery and 750 at the Eastern, 

 TABLE OF DISTKIBUTION, 



Brook trout (Western Hatchery) 1.029,900 



Brook trout (Eastern Hatchery) 1,590,000 



3,619,900 



JElainbow trout (Western Hatchery),. . 460,100 

 Rainbow trout (Eastern Hatchery). .. 122,500 



483,600 



Western Hatchery (large) 1,.583 



Eastern Hatchery (large) 900 



485,083 



Lake trout, Loch Leven and hybrids. 217,535 



Black bass and rock bass 3,535 



Brown trout (large) 425 



Penobscot salmon 94,000 



Carp .. 5,122 



Wall-eyed pike fry 18,000,000 



Whitetishfry 14,000,000 



Shad fry 6,500,000 



Total ., 41,42.%590 



NEVADA FISHCULTURE. 



7E have received the report of Hon. George T. Mills, 

 ' Fish Commissioner of Nevada, for the years 1889 and 

 1890. 



The Commissioner states that on the date of his appoint- 

 ment, Feb. 33, 1889, he found about 600,000 eggs of the East- 

 ern brook trout in the State hatchery. The new building 

 was occupied April 1, 1889, and work is carried on in it during 

 eight months of the year, or from the reception of the eggs 

 until the distribution of the fish. 



Begardinp; the Lake Tahoe trout the Commissioner says: 

 "Ova from the Lake Tahoe trout are taken as early as April, 

 and through June, July and August, while in Pyramid Lake 

 the season commences in March, with but little difference as 

 to dates in rivers and streams. In Marlette Lake, where I 

 obtained the eggs of the Eastern or red spotted trout now in 

 the hatchery, the season commences about Oct. 15 and con- 

 tinues until December, the best time being from Oct. 20 to 

 Nov. 20. In 1889 the first eggs were placed in the hatching 

 house Oct. 23, and the same date in 1890." 



Breeding fish are collected in Marlette Lake by seining 

 with a 100ft. seine, never more than 100ft. from the shore. 

 The breeders are kept in a small reservoir near by, through 

 which passes a stream of pure running water. The eggs 

 taken at this place are carried in cans on spring wagons over 

 fourteen miles of rough mountain roads to the hatchery. 

 The temperature of the water at the hatchery ranges from 

 46 to 35 degrees during the eyeing period and continues nearly 

 the same until the hatching is completed. The eyes are 

 visible in about forty- five days and the first try appear in 

 ninety days, while some ot them are delayed to one hundred 

 and ten days. Tlie yolk-sack is absorbed in about forty to 

 forty-five days, after which the young are fed with boiled 

 beef liver, finely grated, with an occasional allowance of 

 sour milk. The young have been successfully shipped by 

 wagon over rough roads when six weeks old, but Commis- 

 sioner Mills prefers to keep them until they reach an age of 

 three or four months. 



The following interesting note on the Sacramento perch, 

 which we suppose to be the Arclioplites inter ruptns de- 

 scribed and figured in our Black Bass Supplement of July 

 4, 1S90, contains some additional information about that 

 little-known member of the sunflsb family: ''Walker, 

 Piu-amid and Washoe lakes are now fully stocked with 

 Sacramento Biver perch. They grow to about 41bs. weight, 

 rise to a fly, and during the months of April, May, June 

 and July large numbers are caught. As yet but few have 

 reached the weight named, but every year shows their in- 

 crease in size and numbers. The flesh is white, flaky, of a 

 most delicate flavor, and esteemed as among the most 

 nutritious of our fresh-water food fish. They seem to he 

 hardy and thrive well in muddy and saline waters, but are 

 difficult to ship for transplanting, particularly where long 

 distances and rough roads have to be traveled." 



No returns have yet been reported of the black bass which 

 were planted in Washoe Lake and Carson River dtu'ing 1887 

 and 1888, hut this may be owing to the small number of fish 

 placed in a large water area. 



The German carp has multiplied rapidly in some parts of 

 the State. Mr. Taft, of Diamond Valley, White Pine 

 county, has more than enough to supply his neighbors and 

 the Eureka market. Mr. Thomas Oliver, of Carson City, 

 had so many young carp in his ponds that he was able to 

 fill orders addressed to the State Fish Commissioner until 

 the earthquake of .Tune 3, 1887, deprived him of his water 

 supply. The Humboldt contains carp weighing 51bs. and 

 upward. In the Winnemucca markets they are considered 

 an excellent food fish. In various reservoirs and ditches 

 the increase of carp has been beyond all expectation. 



The blue catfish of the Schuylkill River, which was de- 

 po.^ited in Washoe Lake, Carson and Humboldt rivers, be- 

 ginning iu August, 1857, has multiplied enormously and 

 furnishes the basis of a very important and profitable in- 

 dustry. In the markets of Carson and Virginia City it finds 

 a steady and extensive sale, and is esteemed a fish of great 

 value. 



The results of planting quinnnt or McCloud River salmon 

 are not very favorable, says the report, although some of the 

 original plant have been captured and evidences of their re- 

 production are reported. 



The introduction of landlocked .salmon was begun in the 

 spring of 1889 and it is too early to look for results as yet. 



Commii^sioner Mills has the following to say about sports- 

 men's clubs: ''The organization of sportsmen's clubs is 

 most urgently recommended. The persons usually members, 

 of such organizations are doubly watchful of fish and game' 

 interests and strong upholders of the law. There are now 

 several organizations in the State and to them is mainly due 

 my ability to report so few infractions of the law. When 

 we consider the amount frequently expended by these clubs 

 in protecting fish and prosecuting violators of the law, and 

 the time occupied by the membership in looking out for these 

 interests, we find a body of men deserving the highest praise 

 from the Commission as well as every law-abiding person in 

 the State. Every encouragement should be given these or- 

 ganizations, as they are determined to see the abuses corrected 

 and the letter of the law carried out." 



The depositing of .sawdust in Tmckee River is still con- 

 tinued and, it is believed, with very serious damage to the 

 trout in that stream. The law officers of Nevada county, 

 California, have been urgently requested to enforce the 

 law against the pollution of rivers, Indians havs been 

 gi41ty oi takiog flsU by hjpeajlnjg aad use ot grab Uodk.^ 



