498 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[J¥EY 9, 18§i. 



lOin. wide and 1ft. long wound into the shape of a fuianel i 

 and tied. 



After listening for some time John thought he heard 

 Something dowii in the swamp. After waiting awhile 

 longer we went down there and found tracks only a few 

 minutes old of a young bull. The bull had undoubtedly 

 scented us and turned off at a sharp angle. John and I 

 returned to Dennis's shanty, got our breakfast and then 

 started back to the loggers,' arriving among them at noon. 



Sept. 20.— John and I walked from Nat's over to the 

 Tusket RiTer, about a mile, and I cast my first fly in 

 Nova Scotian waters. We had splendid sport. I gathered 

 forty ranging from i to lib. in the morning's fishing. In 

 the afternoon we took a tramp thi-ousch the woods, John 

 showing me some traps he had set for wildcats which 

 are numerous here; one had lolled six of old man Eorbes's 

 sheep the winter before. 



Sept. 21. — We were up at 4 A, M, loading our duffle on 

 the ox team and were off at 8, John, I and Sylvanus, a 

 boy we took along to mind the oxen. The oxen have to 

 be carefully watched. They can pcent game like a dog 

 and if they smell a bear or moose they become frightened 

 and if loose are very apt to take a straight cut for home. 

 They got away from Sylvanus once on this trip and it 

 took several hours of hard tracking to find them. I have 

 great respect for oxen, for I find they will do anytMng but 

 climb trees. 



Our road soon became a loggers' road, then a trail and 

 finally as "Nessmuk" once said turned into a squirrel path 

 and went up a tree. John then went before with his axe 

 and when necessary cleared a road for the team. 



At noon we arrived at an old Indian camp on the 

 Tusket, called Bartlett's, where we got dinner, and then 

 crossing the river went on. At 4 P. M.. we were in what 

 John called good moose grounds, so we decided to camp 

 for the night. 



After supper we went out aud called a while, but as 

 there was a strong wind blowing we heard nothing and 

 so returned to camp and turned in. In the morning the 

 wind was still blowing. Breaking camp we moved on 

 and were soon at the headwaters of the Tusket, at Oak- 

 land. A few miles further and we put up our camp in 

 what John called the best moose ground he knew of. 

 Moose hunters, however, around here consider the 

 "Devil's Den" as the best place. This is a large swampy 

 thicket surrounded by hair a dozen lakes, situated about 

 five miles from Oakland; and a fall nevej- passes but 

 what a number of moose are brought out of the "den." 



In the evening it began to rain. We went out on the 

 barren and called. After a while we heard a big bull 

 traveling by in the swamp. John called to him but he 

 paid no attention, so I hurried down to meet him ; but he 

 traveled faster than I, evidently bent on getting some- 

 where, and I missed him. Returning to John, we waited 

 a while; but as it was now raining hard we returned to 

 camp. 



Sept. 84.— Called this morning with no better luck. 

 We then looked around our calling ground and found 

 tracks of two bulls which had evidently answered the 

 call last night. They came up after we had returned to 

 camp and one of them must have stood in a clump of 

 tamarack a hundred yards from our boulders for some 

 time, evidently wondering where that cow was. 



In the afternoon yte went still-hunting and came upon 

 one of John's old bear traps. He told me how, a few 

 years ago, he visited this trap and found a large bear ly- 

 ing beside the trap with one foot caught in it. At first 

 he thought it was dead, then something in its appearance 

 made him think it might be playing "possum," so he 

 started back from it, when it started up with a growl and 

 nearly tore its foot loose in its rage. A couple of bullets 

 soon put it beyond doing harm. 



We finally struck fresh tracks of a young bull and fol- 

 lowed them to a swamp. Leaving me posted on the bar- 

 ren, John went in. Fmding the tracks led to leeward he 

 came out again and skirted along the edge of the swamp, 

 which was small, until he came to its end, and then 

 started on a run into a thicket of young alders. I waited 

 now with great impatience, expecting every second to 

 have the moose come dashing out of the swamp. Sud- 

 denly I heard John call. Pretty soon he appeared at the 

 swamp and beckoned to me. Going down he showed me 

 the track of the buU, which was running and had gone 

 oat on the other side of the swamp. John heard him get 

 up with a grunt when he rushed into the thicket, but did 

 not see him. 



Returning to camp we had a rousing supper, and as 

 there was a strong wind we did not call that night. It 

 began raining at midnight and poured steadily until noon 

 the 2oth. In the evening we went out again. Heard 

 some hard firing a few miles away and decided some 

 other fellows were having better luck than we were. 



Sept. 26. — We went this morning two miles from camp 

 to call. Heard a bull and thought he would come to us. 

 Waiting a while, John went over to a ridge to see what 

 had become of him, and found traces of a cow and bull. 

 We followed, tracing them across two brooks, Finally 

 they began to run, having either seen or heard us, so we 

 returned to camp. In the afternoon we went over to 

 Oakland Dead water and had some sport with the trf)Ut. 

 We hoped to shoot a few ducks, but did not see any. We 

 met a couple of Canucks prospecting for gold, and they 

 told us that several parties in the "Den" had hauled out 

 their moose. I was for going there the next morning, 

 but John wanted to wait, asserting that we had had poor 

 weather so far. 



Sept. 27. — This evening it was perfectly cabn, the 

 moon came out full and the air was frosty. Going a few 

 yards back of camp, John called and was answered by a 

 bull. We waited; heard nothing for an hour. I began 

 to be impatient. John said the moose was around yet, 

 but was timid. Sometimes they will stand on the edge of 

 a swamp for two or three hom-a listening. 



Suddenly from behind a big boulder stalked the moose 

 and stopped in a clump of tamarack, thirty yards away. 

 Raising my rifle, I aimed low down on his shoulders and 

 fired. He gave a great bound: then John pulled and he 

 started over the hill like lightning. John felt sure he 

 was badly hurt and that we would find him in the morn- 

 ing. Returning to camp, we cooked a second supper and 

 felt very jubilant. 



The next morning we traced the moose some distance, 

 his tracks leading to a swamp. We found where he had 

 lain down twice a short distance from where we shot, 

 and also found considerable blood. Feeling confident 

 that we would find him in the swamp, we went in oare- 

 leasly . He had lain down three times within a few yards 



of the beginning of the swamp; and while examining one 

 of these beds we heard him get up and "gii" a little fur- 

 ther on. .John ran on and out on the other barren call- 

 ingi I felt rather crestfallen. If I had not been so care- 

 less and had gone around the swamp while John went in 

 I would probably have dropped him. As it was he got 

 away, although badly hurt, having lost lots of blood. 



As it was Sunday we loafed around the camp the rest 

 of the day. We decided to break camp the next morn- 

 ing, spend the following night in the Devil's Den and 

 then make for Nat's. 



So the following day we started, crossed the Tusket 

 and arrived in the Den in the early part of the afternoon. 

 We camped in a swamp; saw plenty of sign. Called in 

 the evening. Heard a cow which John thought was the 

 calling of some other hunter. In the morning wind 

 blowing a gale and we started home after dinner. Ar- 

 riving at Nat's the next afternoon, we found that several 

 paities had come out with moose, one party bringing out 

 two. Nevertheless I believe our poor success was owing 

 to the weather, strong winds blowing all the time we 

 were out, except one night, and then we had a shot. 

 Such is a sportsman's luck. Tbe two nights spent in 

 journeying home to New York were the finest I ever 

 haw for calling. Well, the trip is over, and I am sitting 

 before the open fire again with my pipe for company. 

 Although I shot no moose I gained' twelve pounds, and 

 added to the b mk of health no small amount. 



Game or no game, I got my full of enjoyment during 

 my moose huntmg trip to Nova Scotia, B. L. L. 



Dr. EIidd's Work and Methods.— The Newburgh (N. 



Y.) Daily News has this to say about State Game and 

 Fish Protector Kidd: There appeared in the last issue of 

 the Kingston Argus, under the heading of "Serve all 

 alike. Doctor," an article which read as follows: "Dr. 

 Willett Kidd, Game Protector of Newburgh, has caused 

 the arrest of two men for fishing for trout contrary to the 

 law at Phoenicia, Ulster county. All hail! You are en- 

 gaged in a laudable work; but we fail to hear of any 

 arrests you have made of members of New York fishing 

 clubs who have their huts in the country, and who openly 

 violate tVie Sabbath by fishing Sundays, These cheeky 

 fellows lease streams after having been stocked by the 

 State hatcheries, for whose support every taypayer must 

 contribute, and then post notices forbidding any resident 

 of this county to catch any of their fish, while they them- 

 selves openly violate both law and decency. If Kidd will 

 display as much energy in the future in punishing these 

 gentry from New York, who openly violate the law, as 

 he has in the past hunting up litile boys and men ignorant 

 of the law in the county, he will be in much better business 

 than he seems to have been in of late." This literary 

 effusion is merely amusing. The writer of the paragraph 

 starts off by praising Dr, Kidd for his suits against Mr. 

 John Quincy Adams Ward, the celebrated sculptor, and 

 his friend, the eminent Mr. .Josiah Went worth, of New 

 York, and winds up by talking about that oflicial "hunting 

 up little boys and men ignorant of the law in the county," 

 And yet, when we consider the matter, Dr. Kidd has 

 found more ignorance or pretended ignorance of the law 

 (and everything else) in Ulster county than he has dis- 

 covered in all four of the other counties of his district 

 rolled into one. The fact of the matter is that the vigilant 

 game protector has never yet started a suit against a boy. 

 He has found many violators of the game laws in Ulster 

 county, but they all ranged in height from .5 to 7ft. If 

 they were giants of 10ft. he would make it just as hot for 

 them as he does now. Some of these Ulster county men, 

 notably Carl Smith and Smith Mance, of Ellenville, have 

 paid the penalty by being imprisoned in the Kingston 

 jail, while others have paid fines for their misdeeds. And, 

 come to think it over again, Messrs. Ward and Wentworth 

 did their Uiegal trout fishing last April in an Ulster county 

 stream of the former, such as the Kingston Argus man 

 refers to when he bewails the alleged fact that Dr. Kidd 

 don't "go for" the members of IN ew York fishing clubs. 

 Does the Argus man term Delmonic >, Morello and the 

 other Ndw Y rk restaurateurs against wnom Dr. Kidd 

 has begun raits for alleged violations of the game laws 

 "little buys?" Nj, it looks as though som^ friend of the 

 Kingston editor had lab en into the hands of the law 

 through the vierilance of the game protector and that the 

 editor was seeking to have revenge on that official, for 

 we don't want to be obliged to think that the ^rgzts man's 

 name should be added to the list of Ulster county men 

 whose ignorance is dense. From an acquaintance of 

 many years standing with Dr. Kidd, we long ago con- 

 cluded that he was a man of the utmost fairness in the 

 discharge of his official duties. He shows no partiality 

 in hunting up game law cases. But it is a very difficult 

 matter sometimes to secure evidence in cases that cume 

 under his jur sdiction. We can safely say that if tbe 

 Kingston Argus writer has personal knowledge of any 

 violations ot the game laws in his county and will back it 

 up on the witness stand, Dr. Kidd will proceed as s ion as 

 possible against the guilty persons. It matters not if the 

 violators of the law do hail from New York or are Van- 

 derbilts or Astors. 



How A Swamp has been Dried Up.— Piper City, 111., 

 June 29. — A few years ago the Vermilion swamps, north 

 of this place, furnished great sport to Chicago and Peoria 

 hunters, who came out here every spring and killed 

 large numbers of ducks, brant, geehe, etc., and shipped 

 them to the cities. Tiiousands of these birds were 

 annually shipped from here every week during the sea- 

 son, local hunters sending in their share too. A great 

 change has taken place since then. The swamps have been 

 drained out, and where the sportsman hid in the thickets 

 not long ago the farmer boy is "going through" his corn 

 for the last time before "laying bye." A thirty-foot ditch 

 is all that remains of the places where, as ©ne writer de- 

 scribes it, the "birds made such an infernal racket that 

 sleep was impossible until long after midnight. Couldn't 

 get a wink. Just as he was dropping off to sleep a roar 

 Hke artillery would suddenly arouse him, as thousands of 

 geese rose and circled over the water, alighting again to 

 the increased music of ten thousand raucous tbroats." 

 Our "shootists" now go to Beaver Lake, Indiana, when 

 they want to shoot ducks. Very few have been seen the 

 past spring. Praii'ie chickens and quail are plenty 

 around here, and great sport is expected with them this 

 fall.— H. P. B. 



The Hasbeouck Heights Field Club opened their 

 oluhgronndB July i, 



Death oe Jams Teepin— L-^xington, 111.— James Ter- 

 pin died at his home in Lexington, Saturday, June 20, 

 He was a famous hunter and enjoyed the distinction of 

 being one of the very few men in this section of the coun- 

 try who knew perfectly well the haunts and habits of 

 local game. As a judge of native game he stood at the 

 head of local sportsmen. His knowledge of the art of 

 approaching wild game was considered very fine. 

 Sportsmen throughout the State knew him as a quiet and 

 unassuming gentleman. He was 37 years old. 



The full texts of the game fish laws of all the Stat^.^, 

 Territories and British Pro %dnces are given in the Book of 

 the Onme Laivs. 



KENNERLY'S SALMON. 



THE smallest known salmon of the Pacific region is 

 the one first described by Dr. George Suckley iu 

 1861 under the name Salmo fcenwerZ?/i— KennerJy's trout 

 or Chiloweyuck red salmon trout. In 1862 Dr. Theodore 

 Gill proposed to ebtablish for this species the new generic 

 name Hypsifario, because of its "compret-sed hodj, pro- 

 j-^cting snuiit, etc." The remarkable changes m the 

 Pacific salmon during the spawning season were at that 

 lime less known than at pre^-ent. About 1882 Dr. David 

 S, Jordan examined the Sahnonidm in the National 

 Museum in Washington, D, C, and came to the con- 

 clusion that Kennerly's salmon is identical with the 

 common red SHlmon or blueback of the region (Onco- 

 rhynchus nerha), and tMs belief was generally accepted 

 as final. The material bearing on this relationship, how- 

 ever, was chiefly the actual red salmon collected by Capt. 

 Charles Bendire, U, S, A., and the individuals were con- 

 siderably larger than the Kennerly's salmon to be dis- 

 cussed in this article. Since the time of Dr. Jordan's 

 study of the Museum specimens we have received new 

 material and recent information, which enable us to 

 place the species, as I think, in a different light and to 

 contribute something of interest to its life history. On 

 Nov. 26, 1888, and Oct. 8, 1889, Prof. O. B. Johnson, of 

 the University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., collected 

 for the Smithsonian Institution a large series of these 

 small salmon in a little stream tributary to Lake Wash- 

 ington, near Seattle. In March, lti91, Dr, George M. 

 Diwson, of Ottawa, Canada, sent the vrriter a photograph 

 oP one of tbe fish which he found in Nicola Lake, British 

 Columbia, Sept, 7, 1890, Each of these gentlemen added 

 something to our knowledge of the habits of the species. 



This recent material includes only salmon in or near 

 the spawning condition, yet it seems to me now sufficient 

 to warrant the separation of Kennerly's salmon from the 

 red salmon as a subspecies at least and I would write its 

 name Oncorhynchvs nerka subspecies hennerlyi. In the 

 first place, Kennerly's salmon becomes sexually mature 

 when only Sin. long and seldom exceeds lOin. at any time 

 of life. It has ab.mt 30 giUrakers, while the red salmon 

 has about 40. Its fins are much larger than those of the 

 red salmon. It lives permanently in fresh water, most of 

 the year in deep parts of lakes, from which it runs up 

 sm!ill tributaries in autumn to spawn. 



Names, — Dr. Suckley first described the species as Ken- 

 nerly's trout, or the Chiloweyuck red salmon trout. The 

 Indians of the Chiloweyuck Lake region call it Tsl inia. 

 According to Dr. George M. Dawson the Kamloops In- 

 dian, or true Sbuswop, name of the fish is Kuk-en-owh'. 

 The Okanagan Indian name, Kuk-en eh, slightly differs. 

 Since the affinity of the species to the genus Oneorhynahus 

 became known it has been called Kennerly's salmon. 



Size. — The types of Dr. Suckley's description were 10 

 to 11 in. in length, and there was no difference between 

 the sexes except in shape and in the development of the 

 jaws. Some sexually mature males and females received 

 from Prof. O. B. Johnson were scarcely more than Sin. 

 long. Dr. George M. Dawson wrote me that the salmon 

 •'is seldom over a foot long, generally about lOin." Nu- 

 merous specimens observed by the writer range from 8 to 

 llin. in length. Tne average adult Kennedy's salm'^n 

 weighs scarcely llo.. while the average weight of the 

 adult red salmon is 7 or 81bs., and examples of ISlbs. have, 

 been reported. 



Distritnition. — The most southerly locality at present; 

 known for this salmon is Lake Washington, near Seattle,, 

 Washington, in a small tributary of which Prof. Johnson 

 found the species spawning near the end of November, 

 1888, and early in October, 1889. Dr. Kennerly believed 

 the fish to be peculiar to Chiloweyuck L-tke (north latitude 

 49"), near Eraser River, and east of the Cascade Moun- 

 tains. He was informed by Indians, however, that it 

 inhabited two other lakes of the region. Mr. Gibbs had 

 it from the Nahoi-al-pit-kun River, west of the Cascades. 

 Dr. Driwson wrote me as follows concerning it: "f know 

 this fish is common in many of the large lakes of British 

 Columbia. I have seen it in N cila, Frangois, Fraser and 

 Okanagan lakes, the first three tributary to the Fraser 

 R ver, the last to the Columbia, Nicola Like is about ten 

 miles in length, it is on the course of the river of the 

 same name, which is a tributary of the Thompson. The 

 lake is a little north of latitude 50°." The lit'le river in 

 which Dr. Dawson observed them early in September, 

 1870, and which connects Fraser Lake with Francois 

 Lake, carries the distribution up to north latitude 54°, 

 Prof, Macoun informed L)r. Diwson that he caught Ken- 

 nerly's salmon with a spoon bait on Arrow Lakes, Koo- 

 tanie Lake, and on the Columbia River a few miles below 

 Arrow Lakes in June and July, 1890. In August, i877, 

 Dr, Dawson saw the fish in Edgle Creek, a tributary of 

 Shuswop Lake, emptying near the present position of 

 Sicamous Station, on the Canada Pacific Railway. "All 

 the lakes mentioned," writes Dr. Dawson, "are in part of 

 their extent deep and clear, and all are or may be reached, 

 by the salmon from the sea (generally, I think, the saw- 

 qui), except Kootanie Lake, which is cut off by a falL 

 There is, also, in the last-named lake a larger fish, which 

 I take to be a landlocked variety of the spring salmon: 

 |0. chouicha'].''' Capt. Charles Bendire, U S. A., has in- 

 formed me that obstructions in the Kootanie are occa- 

 sionally overcome in heavy freshets and the king saknon 

 (spring salmon of Dr, Diwson) pass up into the lake and 

 become landlocked. It may be that Kennerly's salmom 

 owes its origin to a similar modification of the red salmon, 

 but of this we Imow too little to indulge in theories. 



IiaW;s,—I>t, Kennerly was told by an Indian that this 

 fish never descends Into emaller Btreams and never go^s 



