July 9, 1891.] 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



499 



to the sea. Dr. Dawson wrote as follows: "The Indians 

 all affirm that this salmon lives throughout the year in 

 the Tarious lakes in which it occurs, only leaving them 

 to run up certain streams to spawn in the autumn." In 

 August, 187T, at Eagle Creek, he was assured by Indians 

 that the little salmon does not go to or come from the 

 sea, but ascends from the lake to spawn. The ascent of 

 the streams for reproduction begins early in August, and 

 in one instance, mentioned above. Prof. Johnson observed 

 them as late as Nov, 26. The height of the run Beems to 

 vary with the latitude, as in salmon generally. Dr. 

 Dawson's letters to the writer contain the following 

 reference to the death of Kennedy's salmon after spawn- 

 ing: ''In the first week in September, 1877, they were 

 very abundant in Btreams along the west side of Okana- 

 gau L ike, and last autumn, on Sep^ 16 and 17, I noted 

 them a$?ain in these streams, particularly in that known 

 as Bear's River. In my notebook, under date of Sf pt. 

 16, and referring to this river (asain a small stream) I find 

 the following: 'A great number of little salmon-like 

 fish, apparently running up to spawn. It is singular that 

 though tbey have evidently been long in the stream 

 (from the livid red color of inany of them, their frayed 

 fins and tails, with white fungoid growth in pl 'ces) they 

 have not got fm-ther up the river, which offers no partic- 

 ular impediment to their ascent. They cannot all have 

 spawned, as many still hold spawn and milt. Indians 

 say that they all die in the streams and do not retxirn to 

 the lake. Many were dead along the stones, and the 

 crows had collected in great numbers in the vicinity. 

 This was within a quarter of a mile or less from the 

 mouth of the river on the lake,'" Dr. Kennerly noted 

 that the species disappeared suddenly about Sept. 1 at 

 Lake Chiloweyuck. In the course of spawning: the fish 

 crowd into very shallow brook'^, where they may easily 

 be taken with the hands. "The ova," wi-ites Dr. Daw- 

 son, "'struck me as being rather large and few in num- 

 ber for the size of the tish." 



Abtindance. — Kennerly 's salmon appears to exist in 

 large numbers wherever it is known to occur. When 



ON THE NORTH SHORE.-X. 



Wontinued from Page ifllt.] 



THE next morning disclosed a bright sky brilliant in 

 soft feathery masses of clouds; a lake in gentle 

 wavelets of lovely sparkle, and an atmosphere of inspir- 

 ing quality. Immediately after breakfast word was given 

 to break camp and head for Aguawa River. The boat- 

 men moved With alacrity, for they were both yearning 

 for the return trip, particularly Joe. 



There was hardly breeze enough to keep the sails spread 

 when we started, and resort was therefore had to the 

 oars. We rounded into the bay a mile or two from ca mp, 

 in order to give Joe an opportunity to see the Indian who 

 had moved bis quarteis from Jackson's Cove and had 

 located here. He was to give Jop a final answer about a 

 small boat he contemplated building. The Indian was 

 up on the high hills when we stopped at his wigwam, but 

 a halloo or two soon brought him to the beach. He fol- 

 lowed us along the craggy shore some distisnce chatting 

 with Joe, until finally he closed the contract for the boat. 

 We told the boatmen to push along lively, as we had had 

 Chippewa talk enough for one day. Tims urged, they 

 bent to their ashen blades quite lively, while we feasted 

 with admiration on the bold and pleasing coast pictures 

 that were continually passing in revievv. 



By 10 o'clock we' reached the picturesque group of 

 islands that form Aguawa Harbor. They presented a 

 grand and impressive appearance as the cheerless and 

 blackened bul^'arlis of flinty granite came into view. 

 Many of their shore lines rose from the lake as straight as 

 a plummet falls, while others gently sloped, as if they 

 courted companionship with the murmuring waters. 

 Between many of these islands the channel is of sufficient 

 width and depth to permit of the passage of sceimers, 

 which frequently pass through them when passing this 

 way in order to give the paspeneers a view of the charm- 

 ing group. On many of the bold bluft's. like the pictured 

 rocks of the south shore, you can find almost any design, 

 if you are only a little fanciful. On one of these rough I 



one had a bait-box strapped around his waist — a lament- 

 able sight, I assure you. They knew nothing about the 

 gentle art, and had no desire that way, and moreover 

 stated they could discount all the fly-fishernipn they ever 

 saw by the use of the angleworm. This boastfiil talk 

 satisfied me that argument on the beauties of "the con- 

 templative man's rpci'eation" as an accomplishment would 

 avail nothing here, so I declined discussion on the sub- 

 ject, knowing full well it would simply be casting pearls 

 to pot-hunters 



lean excuse the use of the "baniyard hackle" in certain 

 conditions, but how one can taint the crystal waters of 

 Lake Superior or its rivers with a dirty wriggling angle- 

 worm, when the fly will secure all the trout an angler de- 

 sires, is bevond my comprehension, I should think the 

 prpsiding deities of the aqueous realms would rise in re- 

 bellion at such desecration. 



The angleworm party stated they had frequently fished 

 the river in the past, and intended going in th^ morning 

 to the big pool at the falls, five miles above. They were 

 to go on foot by the forest route, and then return in canoes 

 with Indians which they had previously engaged to meet 

 them there. 



About 4 o'clock we took the boat and ascended the river 

 as far as we could, about a mile and a half. We found 

 no trout that desired to change their element, only having 

 one or two rises from some of the fingerlings that abound 

 in the stream. 



The Aguawa is a fine sheet of water of about 100ft. in 

 width at its mouth, and abounds in numerous ripples, 

 rapids and cascades. Five miles above its mouth its 

 snarkling waters come tumbling and foaming over a 

 ledge of ragged rocks, some 75ft. in height, into a gran- 

 ite basin below of magnificent proportions, in which the 

 trout, ■.vith a singular regard for picturesque scenery, 

 love to dwell. Turn to the left, and a range of granite 

 mountains with sugar-loaf tops confront you, with their 

 scarred sides in spruce and "fir that crowd to the very 

 waters edge, and impress you with their singular fascin- 

 ation. Follow the winding river as it threads its mur- 



KENNERLY'S SALMON {Salmo kcnyierlyl). 



first seen by Dr. Kennerly in a small stream tributary to 

 Chiloweyuck Like, he reported its presence in vast num- 

 bers. In comp my with Capt. Woodruff and several men 

 he went t ) the brook Aug. 17, and the party caught ISO 

 of the.-e fi h with hook and line. About Aug. 10, accord- 

 ing to the same authority, they appear at the mouths of 

 all the small streams emptying into the lake in such im- 

 mense numbers that they can be caught with the hands. 

 Among a thousand or more specimens taken near Seattle, 

 and observed by Prof, Johnson, the females were as plen- 

 tiful as the mal^s. In the firf,t week in September, 1877, 

 Dr. Ddwsou found the soecies very abundant in streams 

 alons the west side of Okanagan Lake, and Sept. 16 and 

 18, 1890, he noted them again, particularly in Bear's 

 River. 



As60ciates.— In Kootanie Lake Dr. Dawson observed 

 what he believes to be a landlocked variety of the spring 

 salmon (Oncorhynchus chouicha). Prof. Johnson noted 

 an occasional silver salmon (0. Msutch) and a few large 

 red salmon (0. nerkd) in company with Kennerly's 

 salmon. One of the active enemies of this little fish is 

 the che-ivagh, mentioned by Dr. Kennerly, now better 

 known as the inalma or D*olly Varden trout. In a cJie- 

 ivagh weighing 9ilbs. the Doctor found two whole salmon 

 of this species. 



Form and Colors.— Or. Sunkley described the fish in 

 the following terms: General color red, dingy along the 

 bick, paler on the sides, and fading to pure white on the 

 belly, small, u-regular black spots above the lateral line. 

 Pectorals bluish, their tips slightly grayish. Dorsal and 

 ventrals red. Tail slightly spotted. In the female the 

 general color is red, but slightly darker than the male. 

 In other respects the sexes appear to agree. Accoi'ding 

 to Dr. Dawson "the back is dark gray, slightly reddish ; 

 the belly bright silvery, shaded with gray. Flesh red, 

 about the same as that of the saw-qui {Oncorhynchus 

 nerka)." In June and July, when seen by Prof. Macoun 

 in the upper Columbia, the back was steel-gray in color, 

 with no trace pf red. In form Kennerly's salmon is a 

 diminutive copy of the red salmon, as vvill be apparent 

 by reference to the accompanying illustration, which Mr. 

 Bildwin has made for FoEEST and Stream from a speci- 

 men belonging to the National Museum. As usual in the 

 genus, males have the pectorals and ventrals longer than 

 females and their jaws are much produced and bent, while 

 the body is distinctly deeper and, in the height of the 

 bres-ding season, has a large fleshy hump on the nape. 



Mode of Capf ure.—^ot much art is required to take a 

 salmon that crowds up into small brooks where it can be 

 caught with the hands; but in deeper water the fish has 

 been readily taken vvith hook and line, and Prof, Macoun 

 has already been referred to as having captured them 

 with the spoon. Indians spear them by torchlight during 

 the spawning season and tsike large numbers in weirs and 

 traps. T. H. Bean. 



Avails, some artistic (?) Indian has completed a series of 

 pictures by cutting awav the moss that creeps o'er the 

 rocks until the flinty sm'face is laid bare, la these rude 

 f-culpturirgs we observed a man on horseback, sailboat, 

 canoe, bird and stars, all of which plainly indicate their 

 origin, as these untutored savages have but one style of 

 drawing, and it is not of the Rembrandt or Raphael school 

 I assure you. 



These islands are best seen on the approach of sunset; 

 the combination of color and cloud are like visitations of 

 etherial light, which at times surpass all the resources of 

 expresruon. This tinted beauty is only rivalled by the 

 gathering and realizition of a grand storm that battles 

 over and against the massive bulwarks. "Then the 

 sublime and the grand, and the awful and the terrible, 

 are all wrought up to a fearful intensity at the same 

 moment." Time and again have I viewed these storm 

 pictures when my spirit would quail, and as often en- 

 joyed the revelations of their beauty when the sea seemed 

 to sleep and the sunset fires seemed burning in crimson 

 and gold. 



We ascended one of the group, the only one, Ned said, 

 on which you can camp, and feasted for a while on some 

 huf.kleberries, which grow in great abundance here. Joe 

 suggpsted a lunch, but as we were only two miles from 

 the Aguawa River, we declined, and ordered him tnpush 

 ahead. His infernal gluttony so disgusted me that I gave 

 him some emphatic talk, which he did not at all relish, 

 and which I thought would re^^ult in a general row; but 

 the trumpets were lulled in slumber, while the cheerful 

 horns of peace were blown, amid which softened notes 

 Joe declared he would depart for home. As we were not 

 averse to it, and had had all the sport we desired, we 

 gave him to understand that he could not lift the latchet 

 of his door any too soon for us. 



As soon as we landed at the mouth of the Aguawa we 

 had our dinner before the tents were put in position. It 

 took us but a moment to realiza that we were in a small 

 colony of sand flies in conseqence of our being near the 

 bush, and as a preventive ag^iinst their sanguinary at- 

 tacks resorted to the fly medicine, with which we gener- 

 ously smeared ourselves, and which gave us the appear- 

 ance of a tawny savage. It drove the brulots away for 

 the time being, and when another annointing was neces- 

 they never failed to apprise us of the fact. 



We noticed a vacant tent on the beach in our immediate 

 vicinity, and presumed its occupants were up the river in 

 search of the tinted beauties. The surmise proved cor- 

 rect, for in a short time a small skiff, containing four 

 men, put in an appearance at the tent, having come from 

 the falls above. They bad a couple of dozen of small 

 trout, which they had caught with worms, they being 

 strictly "bait- fishermen, as they proudly acknowledged. 

 They were provided with plain cane poles, about 13 or 15 

 feet long, and mounted as bass rods; amd in addition each 



muring way in curving and ragged lines, and a world of 

 wild beauty unfolds itself which no artist's canvas ever 

 presented. Carpets of lichen and moss, forests of birch 

 and balsam, shadowy ravines and rocky ridges, lovely 

 lakes and trickling rills, succeed each other in most en- 

 trancing disorder. If you know, as Emerson says, "What 

 sweets and virtues are on the gi-oond, t'ne waters, the 

 plants, the heavens," you will be fully qualified to appre- 

 ciate the grand panorama of Lake Superior's magnificent 

 and sublime scenery, 



Af fer supper that evening we went to a post station of 

 the Hudson Bay Co., a few rods away, which is kept by 

 Wm, Fanning, a half-breed, who it is rejDuted rejoices in 

 the possession of three lovely daughters of mature years. 

 Joe had time and again spoken so highly of their peerless 

 charms that we had an inquisitive desire to see them. 

 Ned wanting to purchase a pair of fine point blankets at 

 this post to take home with him, gave us the golden op- 

 portunity of gratifying our curiosity regarding these 

 woodland nymphs of the tawny hue. Arriving at the 

 dwelling we knocked, and one of the trinity admitted us. 

 She was tall and exceedingly graceful and symmetrical 

 in figure. Her f Hce had the strong half-breed complexion, 

 with a skin finely transparent, eyes large and expressive, 

 and hair long and dark as a raven's plume, which, when 

 free, rolled in tresses of rich abundance. Her dress 

 simplicity itself, and her deportment quite lady-like. 

 She was withal quite a prepossessing looking maiden, 

 and many a dusky lover enamored of her winsome 

 charms, has doubtless chanted his chansons of love to 

 her in the quiet hom-s of the night, with a fervency relat- 

 ing that 



"My love, she is a handsome girl, she has a sparkling eye. 



And a head of flowing raven hair, and a forehead arched and high; 



Her teeth are white as cowry shells, brought from the distant sea. 



And she is tall, and graceful all, and fair as fair can be. 



And if with, art I act my part, and bravely wooing stand. 



And with address my salt I press, I gain Nimosha's hand. 



"Oh, I will aeaicli the silvery brootis for skin of blackest dye, 



And scale the highest mountain tops, a warrior's gift to spy I 



I'll place them where my love shall see, and know my present true; 



Perhaps when she admu-ee the gift, she'll love ihe giver, too. 



And if with art I act my part, and bravely wooing stand, 



I'll gain my love's unsullied heart and then I'll gain her hand," 



The raven-haired beauty waited on Ned with a busi- 

 ness-like air, but her high tarift' on the blankets prevented 

 her making a sale. As we departed from the store, which 

 adjoined the dwelling, the other two tawny beauties 

 appeared. They were of medium height, buxom in form, 

 graceful in figure and possessed very agreeable features 

 and expressive eyes. Ned said they were of the partridge 

 style of beauty— plump— and that he admired their style 

 much more than that of the other. Neither of us bemg 



