GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 209 



suitable for puddling. The general character of these 

 ores appears to assimilate to the Welsh and Staffordshire 

 ores 5 and the time is not far distant^ when iron, manufac- 

 tured on the same principles as in Europe, will be made 

 in this hitherto profitless region. 



At the present time little has been done in the way 

 of mining the ores of this district. No iron has yet been 

 made there, and we only know of the existence of the 

 beds containing this mineral, by their exposure in the 

 sides of deep ravines and rocky cliffs. In Bear creek 

 are two of these sections, exhibiting courses of good ball 

 ore. Coal run intersects iron ore courses, of different 

 qualities, at several elevations, and here is the only po- 

 sition where it has been worked. About 350 tons of 

 the kidney ore have been mined, and now remain on the 

 bank. The specific gravity of this ore averages 3.411 ; 

 its weight per cubic foot 211 pounds, and the gross pro- 

 duce or weight per acre, of a bed one foot thick, is 4122 

 tons. In the lower part of this ravine is a thick bed of red 

 ferruginous clay and shale, containing much oxide of iron, 

 but insufficient for mining purposes — specific gravity 

 2.514. There are also two veins of ponderous silicious 

 iron ore in the same ravine, of near 190 pounds to the 

 cubic foot. One vein is from 15 to 18 inches thick, 

 specific gravity 3.135 ; the other is somewhat thinner, 

 specific gravity 3.196. 



Large masses of silicious ore, washed in the bed of the 

 Tioga, at different elevations, indicate the presence of 

 one or more similar deposits in this valley. Good ar- 

 gillaceous ore is washed in the bed of Taylor's creek, 

 and in Upper and Lower Feilows's creeks. 



Boon's creek has an exposed face of shale containing 

 excellent balls of ore, which might be mined with the 

 superincumbent coal vein. 



Johnson's creek may be remarked for numerous courses 

 and detached masses of this mineral, occurring in a thick- 



I,~2 B 



