GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 187 



the Hopewell vein, but its fracture is more angular, its 

 original lamina less deranged by cross cleavage, and 

 it contains bitumen in a considerable degree. 

 Specific gravity, 1.700. 



Mr Clemson has favoured me with the following an- 

 alysis. 



^'This coal has a brilliant black colour; a shining 

 vitreous lustre; when reduced to powder brown black; 

 easily broken, without being fragile, the pieces having a 

 laminated structure. This compact fine combustible is 

 clean, not soiling, and free from pyrites or other foreign 

 matter. Its cross fracture is conchoidal and retaining an 

 equal lustre to that shown upon any other of its surfaces. 

 It burns easily, and with a long bright flame, giving the 

 substances that are usually obtained from the distillation 

 of other bituminous coalsi In its nature it is fat, melt- 

 ing and swelling out with a fine voluraiaous coke. The 

 cinders were of a blue grey, and did not effervesce when 

 submitted to the action of an acid.^^ 



Composition. 



Carbon, 70. 1 



Volatile matter (bitumen, water and gas), . 16.7 

 Cinders (chiefly argillaceous, with a little oxide 



of iron), . 13.2 



100.0 



There are in this vicinity several other coal veins, 

 some of which arc crossed by our section. One of these 

 is stated to be a five feet vein, but I have not examined 

 the quality. Another is three feet at the outcrop, and 

 I have observed two others of eighteen inches each at 

 the crop ; one two and a half, and another three feet, 

 under the like circumstances. It is impossible to say 

 whether these are separate veins, or whether some of 

 them are repetitions of others. 



