218 SIR HENRY H. HOWORTH, D.C.L., F.R.S., ON ICE OR WATER. 



in the valleys of AVestmoreland as those which 1 had seen in 

 the former district ; and, map in hand, I set about a detailed 

 survey of the glacial striae throughout the whole of the 

 Southern Watershed of the Lake District. 



The results were published in a paper, illustrated by 

 drawings, in the Ediiiburrjli Neio Philosophical Journal, then 

 edited by Professor Edward Forbes.* 



On being appointed to the charge of the Geological Survey of 

 Ireland, I, together with my colleagues, especially Mr. Kinahan, 

 made a special study of the Drift phenomeua. Wherever the 

 glacial striations were observed, their directions were carefully 

 inserted on the six-inch maps, and have resulted in showing a 

 beautiful system of ice-movement directed from an axis of 

 maximum precipitation crossing Ireland from Antrim to Mayo, 

 with occasional centres of dispersion — as, for example, in the 

 Wicklow and Killarney mountains.t 



Some time previously the late Rev. Maxwell Close, a most 

 able and learned observer, had produced a glacial map showing 

 the direction of the ice-movement over a large part of Ireland, 

 on which my own later map was partially founded. Close was- 

 also the discoverer of the marine shells of living species in 

 County Wicklow, in gravel at an altitude of 1,200 feet above the 

 sea-level, in keeping with those of Moel Tryfaen in ISTorth Wales. 



As for the rest, it may suffice to state that I have visited 

 glaciers in Switzerland and Norway, and paid special attention 

 to the moraines, both lateral and terminal, of several existing 

 glaciers. 



Having thus stated my personal observations and experiences,, 

 I should hope sufficiently, to allow of the right to be heard 

 regarding Sir H. H. Howorth's views, I proceed to offer some 

 remarks on a few selected subjects in these volumes, premising 

 that they deal with only a small portion of the wide held over 

 which the author has thrown his net, or over which he has 

 run tilt against many able and distinguished antagonists. I 

 shall confine my remarks to three subjects. First, the cause of 

 the " Ice Age," or Glacial Epoch. Second, the erosive effect of 

 glacial ice ; and third, the power of glacial ice to transport 



* One of niy drawings was afterwards reproduced by Lyell in his 

 Antiquit// o/ j/a;i, with due acknowledgment ; it is ^ roc/ie moutoiuiee \\\ 

 Ambleside churchyard. More recent observers have been less careful to 

 recognise my pi'iority in this field. 



t A map showing the general Glaciation of Ireland accom])anies my 

 little volume on the ritijsical Ueologij of Ireland^ -hwX edit. 



