THE COMPOSITE OF RACES AND KELIGIOXS IN AMERICA. 235 



where their faith was bred. All these were intense 

 individualists, and Pennsylvania can continue indehnitely to 

 receive other hundreds of thousands of immigrants from alien 

 shores and remain as it is till the end of the chapter. ]\Iy own 

 AVestern Pennsylvania, with Pittsburg as its centre, witli 

 (ierman, Italian, Austrian, Hungarian, Pole, Syrian, and what 

 not, thrust by the hundred thousand into her industrial life — 

 I recently attended a public school exercise in which children 

 of thirty diflerent nationalities participated — Western Pennsyl- 

 vania is as Presbyterian as Ulster, is as homogeneous as France, 

 and will so continue in all essential cliaracteristics as long as 

 time lasts. Most cosmopolitan of all the communities in America, 

 reckoned by the number, variety, dissimilarity of its elements, 

 it is at the same time, basically and essentially, one in its ideals 

 of education, religion, and life. 



Tlie newer parts of the country present the same 

 phenomenon. Iowa, for instance, is altogether rural. The farm 

 determines all questions of education, religion, government, 

 standards in Iowa. It is perhaps the most intelligent, moral, 

 religious community in America. And Iowa is exactly what the 

 first settlers made it. In the northern part is the Xew 

 England, Xew York, Ohio stock which moved westward along a 

 certain parallel ; in the southern part is the Western Pennsyl- 

 vania stock which moved westward through Ohio along another 

 parallel — these two as easily distinguishable as two colours of 

 the spectrum ; each impressing its characteristics of essential 

 worth enduringly upon the commonwealth, giving it permanence 

 and character. 



The State of Kansas had only a small population — about 

 110,000— in 18G1 when the Civil "War broke out, and to-day it has 

 1,700,000 people. But the few who settled in Kansas in ante- 

 bellum days were animated by high humanitarian ideals. They 

 hated slavery intensely, and they went to Kansas, not so much 

 to find a home as to preserve the great Kansas prairies from the 

 degiadation of human slavery. They did not know that they 

 were fixing for ever the ideals of a great commonwealth, and 

 that henceforth no theory affecting social wellbeing could tly 

 over Kansas high enough to prevent the people from catching 

 it, experimenting with it, and seeking to make it work for the 

 moral, social and political uplift of the people. 



These illustrations sufficiently exhibit the law. It applies to 

 townships, towns, cities, states, and wliole sections, as Xew 

 England. If any part of America could be unaffected by it it 

 would be far away California and the Pacific Coast. Yet these 



