264 COL. SIR CHARLES M. WATSON, K.C.M.G., C.B.^ M.A., ON 



with several deep valleys which have been filled up with the 

 ruins of the past, and have almost entirely disappeared. In 

 some places this accumulation of debris is as much as 

 100 feet in depth, and it is only by exploration, very difficult 

 to carry out on account of the streets and houses, that one can 

 get some idea of the ancient cities, now buried underground. 



The Lecturer then showed maps and plans of Jerusalem, 

 locating its special features and reconstituting its appearance in 



former times. There are certain places, respecting 

 Plan"of which there can be no doubt, such as the site of the 

 Jerusalem, great Temple of the Jews, first built by Solomon, 



restored by Zerubbabel and again by Herod, and 

 finally and completely destroyed by the Emperor Titus, more 

 than 1,000 years after its original foundation. Of the ancient 

 walls of the city there are but few traces left, and the very 

 lines they followed are subject for discussion, while the existing 

 walls are modern as Jerusalem history went, having been built 

 about 400 years ago when the Turks took possession. The old 

 wall built by David has entirely disappeared underground, and 

 can only be reached by sinking deep shafts and galleries. 

 Tourists sometimes go to Jerusalem expecting to find the old 

 city, and they are necessarily disappointed, because the old city 

 is many feet underground. Such an expectation is as reasonable 

 as that of a visitor to London who should come believing that 

 he would find the old Eoman city still visible. And the 

 ancient Jerusalem is much further underground than Eoman 

 London. 



The Jaffa Gate is a good place from which to start on an 

 examination of the city. On the right is the old building 

 called the Tower of David, the foundations of which may 



possibly be those of one of the towers of the palace 

 The Pool erected by Herod the Great. On the left is a 

 of Hezekiah. reservoir called the Pool of Hezekiah, which is 



probably part of the ditch of the second wall, and 

 is referred to by Josephus as the place where the 10th Legion, 

 during the siege by Titus, set up their machines to batter the 

 wall. 



A little further to the north-east is the Church 

 gejpsto ^£ ^i^g jjqI^ Sepulchre, the centre of Christian 

 Sepidchre. pilgrimage for more than sixteen centuries. The 

 most interesting feature here is perhaps the view 

 of the court outside, crowded with beggars, many of them the 

 most picturesque characters imaginable. These, together with 

 the endless succession of pilgrims of all nationalities, make up 



