A COUNTRY TOWN OP LYCAONIA. 



41 



was stored in a series of dams. It is still possiljle to trace the 

 way in whicli the water was banked in, and the sediment left by 

 the water in the dams. In modern times agriculture is depen- 

 dent entirely upon the precarious supply which comes from the 

 heavens in rain. Such changes have occurred since this city 

 was a sanatorium for the country round, presenting in the 

 summer a delightful series of residences surrounded by trees 

 and even a forest. Xow you observe in the development of 

 that ancient agricultural system how much knowledge, how 

 much accumulated experience was required, before the natural 

 condition of the steep mountain could be transformed to make 

 it a series of orchards and fertile fields. There was nothing in 

 ancient times which is not there at the present day except the 

 skill and the forethought of men. The people are as industrious 

 now as they were at the beginning, but they have not the 

 knowledge, forethought, or power of adapting means to ends 

 which will give them the needful forethought. We found ten 

 or twelve kinds of trees which have gone back from a cultivated 

 state to a state of wildness and nature. 



It was the ancient religion that taught the people how to 

 act, and gave them a series of rules through the cycle of 

 culture. It was this religion which created the civilisation, 

 agriculture and comfort which once existed in the mountain 

 region, but has now entirely disappeared. 



With regard to that early Hittite or Anatolian period, the 

 monuments whicli we find are all of the highest character. 



At the peak of the mountain where there are now two 

 •churches and a monastery, the latter merely an establishment 

 to keep up the services in the church, there remains still a 

 passage cut in the rock just underneath the north side, and 

 two Hittite inscriptions. All trace of the idolater had dis- 

 appeared, but the remains of the inscriptions show that there 

 was one of the places on the mountain top, the higli places, 

 which are known to have been the sanctuaries of the primitive 

 religion. The churches represent a Christian transformation 

 of the original pagan sacred place. 



In the second place there is an outlying fort on the north-west 

 side. A little hill rises 400 feet out of the plain ground, crowned 

 by a little fortress, on the gate of which is a Hittite inscription 

 in hieroglyphics. A pinnacle of rock standing out about forty 

 feet from the hill is carved in the form of a chair, on which is 

 inscribed the form of a god and of a lamb. These two monu- 

 ments alone are sutticient to show that this was a centre of the 

 Anatolian or Hittite civilisation, which lasted through the 



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