DISCOVERIES IN BABYLONIA AND THE NEIGHBOURING LANDS 119 



inscription in relief which it bears is exceedingly interesting. It 

 was written for Panaminu, king of Sain'alla during the time of 

 Tiglath-Pileser III., who began to reign in 745 B.C. Properly 

 speaking, this statue was not found at Zenjirli, but at Gerchin, 

 about half an hour to the north-east. As Panammu calls him- 

 self King of Yaudi, it is clear that that was the name of the 

 district, and we shall have to be careful not to confuse it with 

 the Assyrian mat Yaudi, which stands for the kingdom of 

 Judah. The remaining Aramaic inscriptions give the succession 

 of six rulers, who followed in a genealogical line, the later ones 

 at least acknowledging the overlordship of Assyria. 



And now we come to the splendid discoveries, likewise made 

 by the Germans (to whose enterprise the world owes also those 

 at Babylon, Assur, Al Hibba, Zenjirli, and elsewhere) in the 

 ruins near Boghaz Keui, the identity of which site is no longer 

 •doubtful, any more than is the nationality of the people whose 

 •capital the ancient city was. 



Boghaz Keui, upon which all eyes interested in west Asian 

 exploration are now set, lies five days' journey west of Angora, 

 •and not far from the sculptured rocks of Yasli-kaya Two 

 •classes of tablets were found there, some of them archaic, and 

 pointing, like those from the neighbourhood of Kaisarieli, 

 ^already described, to the period of Hammurabi of Babylonia ; 

 the others in a much simpler style, sometimes in Babylonian, 

 but often in that unknown language of which the Arzawan 

 tablets from Tel-el- Amarna are examples, and of which pro- 

 visional renderings have been made by the Scandinavian 

 scholar Knudtzon. 



About 2,500 fragments of the kind which had been expected — 

 texts like that in the Museum of. the Liverpool Institute of 

 Archceology and tliDse brought back from that part by 

 M. Ernest Ohantre — came to light, many of them being of 

 ■considerable size. Naturally it was those in the Semitic 

 Babylonian language which occupied the attention of the 

 explorer first, as it is always best to proceed from the known to 

 .the unknown. All these inscriptions, which are likely to 

 become the key to the Hittite language, are described as l3eing 

 " Diplomatic documents," like the Tel-el- Amarna tablets. 



With regard to those of the nature of letters, it is stated 

 that most of them are from Wasmuaria, or, in full, Wasmuaria 

 satcpua Ria Ria-maSem iiiai Amaiia — that is, as generally read 

 in Egyptian, User-maat-Ra setajj eii Ra Ra-messu nterj/ Amen, i.e., 

 Kamesses II., and Hattusilu, tlie Chetasar or Hattusir of 

 Egyptologists. It is needless to say, that these new texts 



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