Pattex — Tpj:- Pipit on I'uskav Rock 
93 
JLXPLANATION OF PLATE T. 
1. Left wing; tlio reference number is placed in llie ppace })e(wcpn 
Ihc primaries to tlie left and the tertials to the right. The longest of tJic 
l.'lter extend l)ack sis far as the tip of the longest primaries The 
! eeondr.ries r.re hidden from view by the overlapping tertials. 
2. Right wing, many feathers missing. 
3. Two detached secondaries of the right wing. 
4. A long tertial, ditto. 
5 — 5. Gi'eater coverts, ditto. 
6. Left Foot : The detached claw of the hind-toe has been placed in 
position. The distal phalanx and claw of the middle-toe are missing. 
7. Right Foot with digits complete. Immediately above the toes 
on each foot the naked bone is displayed where tlie scaly epidermis 
has disappeared. 
8. Skull showing extensive flattening and indentation of the vanu ; 
dark coloured hsemorrhagic patches ; fractures of upper orbital rims ; 
and deflected mandible. 
N.B.— The wings, including the detached feathers, also the skidlj are 
viewed from the upper aspect, the lect are vicAved in profile. 
IRISH SOCIETIES. 
ROYAL ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
Recent gifts include a Badger from Dr. Hearn, a pair of Parrakcets 
from Mrs. Lee, a Madagascar Love-bird from Mrs. Cusack, and a Herring 
Gull from Miss Blood-Smyth. 
BELFAST NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB. 
January i8. — The President (R. Lloyd Praeger) in the chair. 
Professor R. H. Yapp, M.A., lectured on " The Building of a Salt Marsh." 
Professor Yapp said salt marshes occur in river estuaries and sheltered 
arms of the sea. They are liable to frequent inundations by sea water, 
especially during spring tides. The marsh is built up by an accumulation 
of mud or silt brought down by the river, tlie mobile silt being bound 
together and rendered stable by the plants which soon begin to clothe 
its surface. New silt is deposited by each high tide, and is incorporated 
■with the soil of the marsh by the continuous upward growth of the 
covering of vegetation. Thus salt marshes, like sand dunes, tend to be 
gradually built up to higher and higher levels by the frequent addition 
