184 PEOFESSOR EDWARD HULL, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., ON 



ill the moss at ISTydam in 1862, in which iron was used for the 

 bolts, and in close proximity to numerous Eonian coins ranging 

 in date from a.d. 67 to 217 ; while at Thorsbjerg other articles 

 of iron were found with Eoman coins ranging from a.d. 60 to 

 197. 



Now it is highly probable that Scotland and Norway were in 

 intercommunication during the Eoman occupation of the former 

 country, and we might even hazard the view that the clinker- 

 built boats together with the boat-hooks, anchors and other 

 objects of iron were of Eoman manufacture. Between the 

 clinker-built boat of Bankton, above described, and the canoe 

 hollowed out of the trunk of a tree, there is so great a 

 distinction in the stage of art that we might well be justified 

 in recocfnizino- the former as the work of Eoman art and the 

 latter as that of the savage ; and the Norwegian discoveries lend 

 to this view additional force from the presence of the coins of 

 definite date lying in proximity to objects and works of art 

 made of iron. In a word we find ourselves in presence of 

 works of art of a civilized race and those of the savage, one the 

 Eoman, the other the Caledonian highland er. 



The " Roman Wall,'' or Vallum. — But however strong the 

 evidence afforded by the remains above described that the 

 " 25-feet terrace " was under the sea at no very distant date ; 

 in fact, during the period of Eoman occupation, that afforded by 

 tlie position of the " Eoman wall " is still more confirmatory if 

 the account I am about to give of this rampart be correct. For 

 this account we are indebted to Sir Archibald Geikie, who 

 has in much detail collected the evidence which I shall 

 now briefly capitulate, referring the reader to this author's 

 original memoir for fuller information.* 



The mainland of Great Britain twice contracts into narrow 

 width, of which the Eomans in their early occupation took 

 advantage by constructing two lines of ramparts from sea to 

 sea for security against the hostile tribes to the northward 

 respectively. The first is known as " Hadrian's wall," from 

 the Tyne to the Solway Firth, wholly in England, constructed 

 about A.D. 120 ; the second from the Forth to the Clyde, about 

 A.D. 142, and known as " the wall of Antoninus." (See Map.) 



* Quart. Journ. Geol. aS'oc, vol. xviii, p. 229. Sir A. Geikie's con- 

 clusions have been called in question, but it is scarcely credible that so 

 able an observer could have been mistaken in his facts of observation, 

 and with the conclusions deduced from them I can soe no reason to 

 disagree ; in fact, it seems to the writer that he has made out his case. 



