188 PROFESSOR EDWARD HULL, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S._, ON 



and the sea margin ; but as these only reach back to the tenth 

 century in this part of the British Isles, though to a much 

 earlier period in England and Wales,* there is too wide an 

 interval to allow of exact determination. At that time the 

 rise of the land had probably reached the stage at which it 

 seems to have remained till the present day. 



Explanation of Map. — The extent of the land submerged beyond the 

 margin of the present river banks, namely, those of the Tay, the Foith 

 and the Clyde, is shown by the darker shade of blue ; the lighter shade 

 being that of existing sea and firths. The upper margins of the formerly 

 submerged terrace have been traced from the 50-feet contour line on the 

 Ordnance Survey Maps, corresponding very nearly to the 30-feet level 

 above high- water of spring tides. 



Discussion. 



The Chairman. — There is a good deal in this paper that is very 

 suggestive, though, perhaps, few of us feel ourselves competent to 

 discuss a matter that is so particularly and specially the province of 

 geologists. Yet I think everything that touches on the history 

 and condition of man is a matter of genuine interest to members of 

 such a society as this. 



On hearing such a paper as this, it occurs to one that geologists, 

 like many other scientists, appear to be reducing the very long 

 period which was supposed, years ago, to have existed since man 

 first appeared on this globe. The fact that these geological changes, 

 elevations, and depressions, have been going on in such recent 

 times may serve, perhaps, to correct needless exaggeration in 

 the other direction. Then I think the fact that these various 

 implements are found in those raised beaches is also a matter of 

 interest to us. If I understand correctly, the researches of modern 

 geologists show that there have been, really, two Human Periods. 



In fact, it is considered on very good evidence that St. Mary's church 

 in Dover Castle, and St. Martin's at Canterbury were built by Eoman 

 soldiers about the middle of the second century. See Dover, the Ancient 

 Cinque Port, by an Ancient Freeman (1904, Marshall and Son). 



