480 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



well in the neighbourhood of large towns and under other unfavourable 

 conditions of soil and climate. Several of them also possess an additional 

 attraction in the showy heps which succeed the flowers. Other good 

 autumnal blooming-species are the Microphylla and Macartney Roses, 

 which, however, are rather tender and succeed best with the protection of 

 a wall ; the Perpetual Moss Roses, which as yet do not appear to have 

 attained to the popularity enjoyed by their summer-flowering relatives ; 

 the Perpetual Scotch Roses, one of which, the * Stanwell Perpetual,' forms 

 strong hardy bushes covered with deliciously- scented rosy- white Howers 

 in autumn ; the Musk Roses, whose clusters of double flowers remind 

 one of the Ayrshire and other climbing cluster Roses of summer ; and the 

 Damask or Portland Perpetuals, which were once exceedingly popular, but 

 have now almost passed out of cultivation. The single-flowered Bosa 

 Wichuriana is a beautiful autumnal bloomer, but the hybrids of it intro- 

 duced at present do not preserve this trait. The Clynophylla duplex 

 should also not be lost sight of : it has rosy-white flowers with distinct 

 downy foliage. 



Passing allusion may also be made to the autumn flowers which are 

 occasionally produced by varieties whose nature it is to bloom once only, 

 in early summer. The Briar Rose Harrisonii has been known to flower 

 at Waltham Cross in autumn, and I have heard of the same occurrence 

 elsewhere, but I never knew its autumn-blooming character to be fixed 

 by propagating from the flowering wood, although 1 know the attempt 

 has been made. Last year, also, I noticed in several places some of 

 the summer-Howering climbing roses of the Ayrshire and Evergreen 

 classes giving a second crop of flowers in September and October, but I 

 do not imagine that this habit could be perpetuated. It was no doubt 

 due to the long warm summer, broken by a cool wet week at the com- 

 mencement of August, and followed by another spell of warm weather, 

 which caused the plants to start into a second growth, and to produce 

 flowering shoots from already well-ripened and developed eyes. We also 

 read in the papers last January of an autumn-blooming form of the 

 * Crimson Rambler,' which I think may be referable to the same cause, 

 although, of course, this is conjectural. 



I propose noAv to make a few remarks on the general cultivation of 

 the particular classes of Roses specially valuable for their autumn- 

 flowering qualities, and I shall then submit the names of some of the 

 best varieties of different habits of growth and of various shades of 

 colour. 



The Chinese Roses of all kinds, the dwarf-growing Tea-scented 

 Roses, and such of the Hybrid Teas as approximate in nature and habit 

 to the dwarf Teas, thrive best in moderately light soils. Light loam 

 suits them well, and they will flourish even in peaty soil. It must be 

 borne in mind that they are susceptible to severe frost, and when such 

 a.ppears to be imminent it is well to draw some of the surrounding soil 

 towards the collar of the plant so as to keep its heart uninjured. It is 

 also well to place pieces of cut evergreen or other litter loosely among 

 the branches of the plants. Severe pruning never has the effect of 

 destroying the flowering of these classes (although, of course, the larger 

 the plants can be grown the finer will be their effect in the garden), so 



