NOTES ON JtKCKNT HIvSEAKCII. 



499 



A (Liy or two aftiT, tin* fourtfi Hta*^'o ih roachod ; in thin tlioro aro foriiiH 

 with ovidont win^'-pad.s, di.stinct lioadH, pi^niKMitcid oyoH, and woU-inarkod 

 l)ody-so^,ni Hints ; tho otlicir form i.s now vcsry liko tho fourtli Kta^^o of lln! 

 lir.st H(iri(5H, oxccspt that tlM( antcimM' jin; nix- JointcifF. 



'V\u) lifth stHf,'(! is i"(!acli('(l two (hiys lat((r, Ix. nino <hiys from hirth, 

 thcro boiiif,' now a now s(!ri(!S of forms whicli hrin^ forth yoimj^^ aJivo and 

 a sorios of win«^'()d forms. Tho lM,tt(ir, wliicli rcquin; a day to mature, after 

 tho fourth moult mif^'rato to jidjjiccint Ap])lo-troeH. Tho wingod a))hidos 

 ar(! \JnM^^ inch \on^, and jilioul, ,{ in. in winpj span, {.(nson, and having a 

 l)]ii.(;k lioad, })hick I'aiscid portions of thorax, juid black tips to tarsi, tihia 

 and kno(!. 



Al)out throo-fourths of th(; prog(^ny of tho stcsm-motluir l)ocom(! winged, 

 and it socsms prohal)lo that th(! stom-mothor doos not Jivo mon* than five 

 days and tliat th(; |)rog(!ny r)f omi indivi(huil is undctr fifty. Tho wingod 

 forms pnxhicc young ali\(! and without soxual union, just as in tho case 

 of tho stom-moth(irs, th(} young r(;soTnhling closoly tho larva; hatched 

 from tho (!gg, and their suhs(M|ii( jii history being similar. No winged 

 forms wore observed as descendants of th(! wingod form. 



Th(i wingless forms produce young in a similar manner, al)oiit luilf of 

 which became wingod jukI fhiw to other tnuis. In jiII, seven series or 

 g(m(irations ditt'oring in details aro f)i-oduc(!d, which bring forth young 

 alive, l)ut no wingod forms an; produccid aft(!r tin; third sci^-ics. About th(f 

 end of Soj)t(!mbor a msw scries of forms af)poar, which become nuilo and 

 female, both wingless. Tlu; nuihi is about two-thirds as largci as tho 

 female, tho latter Ixsing I'atbej- more pointed post()riorly than tlu; former. 

 Eggs are laid from about Octolxir 10 to Novondjor 20 : tluiy aro black and 

 shining, and aro laid aroinid the I)iid or in crcvic(!S of the trunk and 

 branches. 



The author not(iS several natural (smimicis, viz. larvie of two spocieH 

 of " lady-bird," throe of Howor-flios, one lace-wing liy, a very small two- 

 winged fly, pjirasitic wasps, and a fungoid disease;. 



As the; insects fcujd by picsrcing tho hsaf, no arscsnical }K)ison is of any 

 use. The most oilectivo period for th(! a[)plication of a contact poison, 

 8uch as a 5 per cent, mechanical mixture of kerosene and water or a 

 solution of soft soaj) to which tobacco decoction has been added, is just 

 after the (iggs aro hatched, 'i'his will give fifteen days beforcj any rei)ro- 

 duction takes place, and twenty-five days befor(5 any wingod forms appear. 

 The application must be thorough, as the mixture kills oidy what it hits, 

 and after the folitigc! appears the downy hairiness of the leaves protects 

 tho insects from injury to a large oxt(!nt. 



The paper is onriclnid by two plates and thirty figun'S. /•'. J. C. 



Arj'Jiios. 



Apples. Changes in Chemical Composition during* Storagre. 



By Dr. K. Otto {(larlmjlora, p. lUH ; 15/G/1901).— The comi)osition 

 of eight varieties was investigated wlusn the Apples were ripe " in 

 tho pomological S(;ns(;, and again after they had boon stored in a 

 fruit-collar under ordinary conditions for periods betw(;en nine and 

 thirteen weeks during the months of October 1900 to .January 1901. 



