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JOURNAL OF THE EOYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Lychnis ; Septoria noctiflora on Silene in the United States ; Septorta 

 Sinarum in Italy on Diantlius sinensis, and it has recently been observed 

 in Britain ; Septoria dianthicola on Sweet William, and Pinks and 

 Carnations, in Italy and Portugal ; Septoria dianthophila on fading 

 stems of Carnations in Brazil ; Septoria Carthusianorum on calyces 

 of Diantlius in Belgium, where also Septoria calycina is recorded, 

 if it be at all different ; Septoria SaponaricB on Saponaria, in France, 

 Britain (?), Italy and Germany ; together with some half-dozen others 

 upon uncultivated plants. In this connection there remain to be 

 noticed those species in which the perithecia are suppressed, as in 

 GloRosporiwn Lychnidis, which is the Carnation anthracnose of the 

 Netherlands ; Marsonia Delastrei, which is an anthracnose with septate 

 spores (fig. 4) and occurs in France, Italy, Germany, Austria, and 

 Siberia. Somewhat similar, but with long slender spores, is Cylindro- 

 sporium Saponarice, found in France on Saponaria (fig. 17). The species 

 of anthracnose, as they have been called, are much more destructive and 

 disastrous than the simple leaf-spotting of the Septoria kind. 



It is presumed that all these parasites of the first group, or Sphcerop- 

 sidcB, are imperfect fungi ; that is to say, that they are only early stages 

 or conditions of more highly-developed fungi, in which the spores are 

 produced in asci, and hence called ascomycetal. This is a problem which 

 we are not called upon to solve here, but we must accept them as they 

 are, and take such steps as we can for their identification, mitigation, and 

 eradication. It is possible that in these cases the application of fungi- 

 cides may be of good service, but it is only reasonable to suppose that the 

 destruction of diseased leaves, as soon as possible after discovery, would 

 diminish the chances for the spread of the disease, by getting rid of the 

 reproductive bodies. 



The diseases of the Carnation family that are caused by moulds are 

 comparatively limited in number. Of the rot moulds, or PeronosporiacecE, 

 to which the Potato- disease belongs, only one or two species have been 

 known to attack plants of this family. Peronospora Dianthi occurs on 

 Silene, Diantlius, and Agrostemma (fig. 7) in France, Italy, Germany, 

 Austria, and Switzerland ; but, fortunately, is not yet recorded in Britain. 

 There are three other species of the same genus, but hitherto they have 

 only been found upon uncultivated plants, and only one of these, Perono- 

 spora Areiiarice, is British. We have called these "moulds," but they 

 are of a higher and more complex organisation than the ordinary moulds, 

 or Mucedines, which they only resemble, superficially, in form, and are 

 more ^'irulently parasitic. 



The Mucedines are only represented by Bamularia lychnicola, which 

 occurs on wild Lychnis (fig. 10), and has at present only been met with 

 in the South of England ; but it might make its appearance any day 

 amongst Sweet Williams. 



The black moulds have two representatives, of which the commonest, 

 Hetero sporium echinulatum, is well known as destructive to Carnations 

 (fig. 6). It has been described in Gard. Chron. August 21, 1886, fig. 50, 

 and previously in 1870, page 382. Not only has it been found in France 

 and Switzerland, but is recorded for the Cape of Good Hope. It is 

 worthy of note, in connection with this black mould, that small sclerotia 



