652 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Cluster-cups are not common amongst the cultivated species of the 

 CaryopliyllacecB, of which ^-Ecidium Behenis (fig. 12) is a representative, 

 and the Uredo forms are usually mixed with, or growing in company 

 with, the brands. Of the latter are two kinds, those in which the 

 teleutospores, or final spores, are one-celled, as Uromyccs ; and those in 

 which they are two-celled, as Puccinia. The former are represented on 

 Silcne and Diantlms by Uromyccs Silcncs in Italy, Germany, Hungary, 

 and Asiatic Siberia (fig. 14), but not in Britain ; also by Uromyccs 

 caryophylliniis on Dianthus in Italy, Germany, Moravia, Tyrol (fig. 13), 

 and sometimes in Great Britain, but not as a troublesome pest. An allied 

 species, with rough spores, named Uroviyccs sinensis, occurs on Dicinthus 

 sinensis in Italy. Another species, Uromyccs GypsophilcB, with large 

 rough globose teleutospores, has only been found on leaves of Gypsophila 

 in Kurdistan. 



The two-celled brands, or Puccinia, are far more common, and the. 

 one which is so destructive to Sweet "William, and other species of 

 Dianthus, Stcllaria, Mcehringia, and Agrostcmma, has been called 

 Puccinia Lyclmidearam or Puccinia Dianthi. The tufts are clustered in 

 a circinate manner upon pallid spots, and the teleutospores are long and 

 narrow (fig. 5). It occurs throughout Europe and the United States of 

 America. Another species on Silcne has shorter and broader teleuto- 

 spores, and is called Puccinia Silcncs, which has been found in Britain, 

 France, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, and Asiatic Siberia 

 (fig. 15). Still another species, perhaps confined to Siberia, occurs upon 

 the foliage of Diantlius sinensis, and is known as Puccinia fastidiosa. 

 The teleutospores are larger than in the last named, with an apiculus, or 

 nipple, at the apex (fig. 16). Several other species, or forms, occur upon 

 the leaves of uncultivated plants, belonging to this family, which need not 

 to be enumerated here. 



In all the species of Uredo, Uromyccs, and Puccinia the spores are 

 produced upon a kind of stroma, or cushion, beneath the cuticle, and as 

 the spores enlarge and approach maturity they elevate and ultimately 

 burst the cuticle, the i^mains of which surround the tuft, or sorus, which 

 is sometimes nearly orbicular, at others elliptical, and occasionally much 

 elongated. "When the cuticle is ruptured, the spores being mature escape, 

 in most instances, as a rust-coloured, brown, or nearly black powder. In 

 some cases, however, the pustules remain compact, and the spores do not 

 readily escape, or at least not for a considerable time after the rupture of the 

 cuticle. It will be observed also that in some species the pustules, or sori, 

 are scattered over the surface of the leaf, upper or under, and sometimes 

 are clustered together in some definite manner. By obsersdng these 

 features considerable aid is given towards the determination of species, 

 even before examining the spores under the microscope ; but the final test is 

 found in the form, size, and character of the spores, as revealed by the 

 microscope. 



The only remaining pests to be alluded to are those mysterious ones 

 in which microbes are believed to be concerned. This subject was fully 

 discussed in an article on "Bacteriosis of Carnations " in the Gardeners' 

 Chronicle two or three years ago. On that occasion it was shown that a 

 disease afiecting Carnations in the United States had been demonstrated 



