FUNGUS PESTS OF THE CARNATION FAMILY. 



653 



by Professor Arthur to have been caused by a minute organism, to which 

 he had given the name of Bacterium Dianthi. Although there had been 

 grounds for suspicion, it was also stated that no direct evidence had been 

 obtained of the presence of the disease in this country. It must be con- 

 fessed that, down to the present time, no further evidence has been forth- 

 coming of the existence of bacteriosis in Carnations in Great Britain. 



Practical men will at once inquire for remedies or preventives of 

 these diseases, and expect, perhaps, to be referred to some panacea which 

 will cure all the diseases that plants are heirs to, albeit that such a thing 

 has not been discovered, and never will be. The first step must be to obtain 

 a true diagnosis of the disease, and then apply such remedies as have 

 been found to be successful in similar cases. It cannot be repeated too 

 often that plant-diseases are of two kinds, which have been called 

 epiphytic and endophytic. Epipliytic are those diseases which attack the 

 plant externally, like the Hop-mildew and the Maple-blight, which appear 

 first on the surface of the leaves, and then penetrate the tissues. Such 

 diseases naturally are exposed to the action of fungicides, and can be 

 acted upon direct, with a fair prospect of success. Endophytic parasites, 

 on the contrary, are more insidious, and attain a considerable internal 

 development before the plant exhibits externally any evidence of their 

 presence. When such kinds of pests show themselves in the foliage the 

 mischief has been done, and the plant has become more or less permeated 

 by the mycelium of the parasite. Unfortunately, the greatest number of 

 plant-parasites are cndoplLytic, but whilst it is almost hopeless to do much 

 good with fungicides to eradicate, much may be done to prevent the 

 spread of the disease. Horticulturists in these latter days are too well 

 acquainted with the ordinary fungicides and the methods of spraying to 

 need much instruction. But are they sufficiently impressed with the 

 necessity for destroying all infected leaves or stems, and with them all 

 germs of the disease, so as to help in stamping it out ? 



List of Pahasites on Cakyophyllacej^, whether Cultivated ok 



Uncultivated. 



Phyllosticta tenerrima, E. & E., on leaves of Sapoimria^ Canada. 

 Phyllosticta Sapionarice, Fckl., on leaves of Sapo7iaria, Italy and 

 Germany. 



Phyllosticta nebulosa, Sacc, on Silene pcndula, Italy. 

 Phyllosticta DiantJii, West, on Dianthus barbatus, Belgium. 

 Ascochyta Saponarice, Fckl., on leaves of Saponaria officiualis 

 Germany. 



Ascochyta Dianthi, A. & S., on leaves of Dictnthiis, in Britain, 

 Germany. 



Septoria Cavthusianorum, West, on calyces of Dianthus Car- 

 thusianorum, Belgium. 



Septoria Dianthi, Desm., on leaves of Dianthus barbatus, Armcria 

 and Saxifraga, in France, Italy, Portugal, Siberia. 



Septoria Saponaria;, DC, on leaves of Saponaria and Silenc inflata, 

 Italy, France, Germany, and Britain. 



