904 JOUENAL OF THE EOYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



of Apple culture in the State, with tables of the relative value of varieties. 

 Also further tables for the different counties, with the varieties cultivated, 

 their merits, and the effects of blight and scab amongst them. The 

 varieties classed as Table Fruits, Market Fruits, and Long Keepers. 



M. C. C. 



Apple in West Virginia, The. By L. P. Miller {U.S.A. St. Bd. 



West Virginia, Bep. for 1899 and 1900, p. 339). — The writer describes 

 the progress of Apple-growing in this State, and concludes with some 

 interesting suggestions as to dealing with San Jose scale, woolly aphis, 

 &c.— F. /. M. 



Apple-root Knot. By C. C. Bell {U.S.A. Hort. Soc. Missouri 

 1900). — The trees had root-galls or knots at the point of union of scion 

 and root, about as large as hickory nuts, yet the trees in the nursery look 

 all right. One hundred per cent, of the trees of the variety Lady 

 Apple have these knots. Prof. Toumey says they are caused by a slime 

 mould in the soil. It occurs upon seedling as well as grafted trees. 

 Another authority says that the tree begins to die when the knot chokes 

 it. Some trees live for several years with the galls upon them. 



M. C. C. 



Apple-root Rot. By E. M. Willcox {U.S.A. Exp. Stn. Oklahoma^ 

 Octobeu 1900). — Doing a great deal of damage to some orchards. It first 

 attacks the small roots, and then spreads to the larger roots and trunk. 

 In about two years the entire root system of the tree is killed. In the 

 thick bark around the base of the trunk layers of a white velvety substance 

 {myccUitm) can be seen between the layers of the bark. Rejiorted that an 

 Agaric is the cause of this disease ; the stems grow in clusters from the 

 base of the trunk, about two inches high, with a cap, like an inverted 

 thimble, half to one inch in diameter. The fungus is said to be edible, but 

 is not determined, nor is sufficient information given for its identification. 

 This disease is confined to orchards that were set out on land formerly 

 covered with timber. It is found also in Missouri, Texas, California, and 

 Tennessee.— ill. C. C. 



Apple Sawfly {Hoplocampa testudinca, Cam.). Anon. {Jour. Bd. 

 Acjr. vol. viii. No. 2, pp. 183-187, with illustrations). — An account of the 

 nature of the infestation, and also of the life-history, is given. The 

 method of prevention and treatment is given thus : '-'Little can be done in 

 this attack when the pests have once taken up their abode in the fruitlets^ 

 but, as we know they migrate from one Apple to another, it is certainly 

 worth while in young plantations to pick oft" the diseased fruitlets and 

 destroy them. Spraying would do little good, although it would, of 

 course, if arsenites were used, prevent the grubs from entering fresh fruits ; 

 but hand-picking is far preferable when the trees are small. The only 

 other thing to be done is to destroy the larvae in the winter when they 

 are buried in the cocoons under the soil. These may be got rid of by 

 well working the soil, beneath the trees that have been invaded, with a 

 prong hoe, and then dressing the ground with gas lime or kainit. Better 

 still would-be to remove three inches of the soil just round the trees, and 



