ABSTRACTS. 



burn it during the winter. Unless this is done, or the apples that are- 

 invaded are collected and burnt with the grubs in them, the attack w^ill 

 continue from year to year in the same orchard." It is further suggested 

 that poultry might destroy these insects. — B. N. 



Apple Scab {U.S.A. St. Bd. West Virginia, Bcp, for 1899 and 1900, 

 p. 279, 2 figs.). — A note on this fungous foe of the modern orchardist 

 {Fusicladium dendriticum), describing its efiect on fruit and leaf, and 

 suggesting mode for its treatment. — V. J. M. 



Apples, New Disease in. By L. Mangin {Bev. Ilort. pp. 474-5 ]r 

 October 1901). — Diplodia pseudo-diplodia, a fungus which attacks the 

 bark and wood. Description of damage caused, and suggested remedies.. 



C. T. D. 



Apples of the 'Fameuse' Type [U.S.A. St. Pomological Soc^ 



Maine, 1900, with plates). — Descriptions of the fruits, history, and figures 

 occupy the chief place in this part of the Transactions. — M. C. C. 



Apple Trees, The Root-killing of. By Prof. N. E. Hansen 

 {U.S.A. Hort. Soc. Iowa, Ann. Bep. for 1899, p. 417). — An instructive 

 paper in which the wTiter gives his experiences and views, and refers to 

 his investigations in Russia, &c. The Pyrus haccata is most frequently 

 referred to. Some valuable suggestions are made, but it seems to be 

 admitted that the causes of root-killing must yet be settled by experi- 

 ments. — V. J. M. 



Artificial Crossing", Results of {Bev. Hort. p. 421 ; September 

 1902, quoting Bev. Hort. Beige et etrangere. M. Jules Burvenich). — 

 M. Burvenich points out that it is a mistake for hybridists who cross 

 marked forms and obtain a majority of offspring in which the parental 

 types are not combined, to throw these away and only cultivate the 

 obvious successes. The seeds of these presumed failures are capable of 

 yielding very diverse combinations of the original parental features, in- 

 cluding the parental forms aimed at, which are thus acquired in the 

 second generation in lieu of the first. 



In this connection there will be seen a confirmation of the Mendelian 

 law, in the exposition of which Mendel distinctly indicates the probability 

 of such results if the first offspring be sown from. — C. T. D. 



Artificial Manures, Report of the Commission on. Result of 

 special researches by the secretary of the Commission, ^l. Georges 

 Truffaut {Jour. Soc. Nat. Hort. Fr. p. 919). — The series of experiments 

 were undertaken to demonstrate the value of supplementary manures- 

 associated with animal manures, and that beneficial profit was derived 

 from their employment. 



A series of experiments were made to illustrate the accuracy of the 

 analytical method of plant feeding. 



Detailed tables and results, with photographs, are given of the culture 

 of Gypsophila and of Petunias, which, treated with manures based on 

 the analysis of these plants, exhibited most successful results. 



Secondary experiments were undertaken with the Gypsophilas ta 



