ABSTRACTS. 



935 



accurately computed ; that it does not rest on the tree, thereby avoiding 

 injury to buds and branches ; and that fewer men are required for its 

 manipulation than is usual with a tent large enough for trees of the same 

 size.— 0. H. C. 



Fung"! of Germinating" Farm Seeds. By A. Lorrain Smith 

 {Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 1900-1, with 1 pL). — An enumeration of the 

 species of moulds and other fungi which made their appearance in the 

 saucers in which farm seeds were experimentally germinated. The con- 

 clusion arrived at is — " Unless the seeds have quite lost their vitality, the 

 fungi do not really injure them or prevent the embryo sending out its 

 rootlets, and clovers can grow when the outer coat is invisible owing to a 

 thick crop of ChoRtomium.'' — M. C. G. 



Galeandpa Batemani, Rolfe (L. Linden in Lind. xvi. pi. 729 ; 



1/3/1901).— Introduced from Mexico in 1838. Sepals and petals tawny 

 yellow ; lip violet-purple, margined white, with yellow throat.— (7. C. H. 



Garden Truck, Freig'ht and Increased Growth of. By E. 



Ward, jun., and E. Holmes, jun. {U.S.A. Dep. Ayr. Div. of Statistics, 

 Bull. No. 2, Miscell. Series). — A detailed account ot the enormous growth 

 during late years of the trade in garden produce between the Southern 

 and Atlantic States and the big towns of the North-East, and between 

 the gardens of the Mississippi Valley and the North- Western cities. There 

 are careful tables giving the cost of production per acre of the various 

 vegetable crops, under the heads of labour, seed, and fertilisation, and of 

 the cost of carriage per car-load or crate from the various " trucking " 

 districts to the great centres of distribution. 



The writers bring out the far-sighted readiness with which the rail- 

 way and steamship companies have met the wants of the growing trade, 

 though it appears that, in most cases where refrigerator cars are used, 

 these are the property of private companies who make their own contracts 

 with the shippers and railway companies and themselves attend to the 

 re-icing of the cars in transit. 



Tables are also given showing the cost per package of distributing in 

 various directions the immense fruit-crops of the Pacific States. The 

 writers chronicle the fact that all along the Atlantic coast every hundred 

 miles make a difference of one week in the time by which crops are ready 

 for shipping. — M. L. H. 



Gazania Hybrid ' Cy elope.' By Jules Rudolph {Rev. Hort. 

 pp. 540-1 ; November 1901).— Raised by M. E. Thiebaut, 30 Place de la 

 Madeleine, Paris. G. splendens $ x G. nivea ^ . Much larger flowers 

 than either, with a large black spot on the base of each petal, forming a 

 circle and suggesting the name. Recommended for sunny positions. 



C. T. D. 



Gnidia parvula. By A. H. Wolley Dod {Joum. Bot. 4G8, pp. 401-2 ; 

 12/1901). — Description of new species from the Cape Peninsula. 



G. S. B. 



Graft-hybrids of Crataegus monogyna and Mespilus 

 germanica. By E. Koehne {Gartcnflora, p. 028; 1/12/1901). — At 



