ABSTRACTS. 



941 



been treated at this time, the oil having entirely evaporated. Curiously 

 enough, the grass growing about the trees treated with these oils seemed 

 to be more affected by the refined than the crude oil, being somewhat 

 yellowed. This grass had been sprayed pretty heavily with the oil to see 

 what result would follow. Two weeks later — namely, five weeks after the 

 application — the bark of the trees treated with the crude oil was still dark 

 and distinctly oily. All the trees treated with oil were leafing out and 

 blooming just as freely and fully as untreated trees. The grass, which 

 had shown yellowing at the outset, had entirely recovered and was appa- 

 rently uninjured, seeming to indicate, at any rate, that grass will stand a 

 considerable application with both crude petroleum and the refined oil 

 without being killed. This fact is interesting in connection with the use 

 of this substance against white grubs on lawns. It is further stated that 

 the tree 5 treated were not in any way injured, and the effect on the scale 

 was all that could be desired. 



Lime, Sulphur, and Salt Wash. — The action of this mixture is some- 

 what affected by climatic conditions. The formula used was — 



Lime 30 lb. 



Sulphur 20 lb. 



Salt 15 lb. 



Water . . . . .60 gallons 



This mixture w^as steam-boiled altogether in barrels about four hours, 

 and applied March 23 and repeated March 24. The hot liquid was taken 

 immediately from the barrels at almost a boiling temperature and sprayed 

 at once on the trees. The results w^ere less satisfactory than that obtained 

 from the crude and refined kerosene. 



Kerosene-lime Emulsion.—The formula given is as follows : — 



Fresh lime . . . . . 4 lb. 

 Water . . . . .5 gallons' 

 Kerosene . . . . .1 gallon 



" Slack the lime slowly with small quantities of water in order to get 

 a creamy solution. When thoroughly slacked dilute to 5 gallons, add 

 1 gallon of kerosene, and churn until emulsified (one or two minutes). 

 This mixture was applied April 14 to a Peach tree badly infested with 

 Diaspis pentagona, and to several Pear, Quince, Apple, and Peach trees 

 not infested with scale insects, the application to the latter being made 

 more particularly to determine the effect of the wash on different kinds of 

 trees." . . . The effect of this wash on trees was not unfavourable, no in- 

 jury being noted. The scale insects on the only tree subjected to the Avash 

 were, for the most part, dead or dying by April 17, the wash holding 

 well and still coating the trees uniformly. This lime emulsion is worthy 

 of a more extended trial, and it is hoped that others who have oppor- 

 tunity to test its effect on various scale insects will undertake experiments 

 with it. 



Whitetvash. — " At the suggestion of Dr. Howard, with the idea of 

 determining the eftect of the lime in several iimewashes used, a good- 

 sized Plum tree thickly infested with Diaspis p)cnta(jona was subjected 

 on the same date as the last two experiments to a thorough spniving 

 with a strong whitewash, prepared by slaking 2 lb. of stone lime in a 



