970 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



for " Frog-eye " {Phyllosticta j:>irma), trials were made with Bordeaux 

 mixture, applied at different periods before the leaf-buds and blossom-buds 

 opened : once after the fall of the blossoms, and also twice after that 

 event. Different varieties of Apple vary very much in their liability to be 

 attacked by scab. Spraying before the opening of leaf-buds onhj, was 

 not as good as spraying before the opening of leaf-buds, before the 

 opening of blossom-buds, and after their fall ; nor was this as successful 

 as spraying before the opening of leaf-buds and blossom-buds, and twice 

 after the fall of the blossoms. 



The effect of spraying was a decrease in scab on leaf and fruit ; the 

 leaf consequently remained longer on the trees in the fall, and, as the 

 leaves are the workshop of the plant, this is of great importance. The 

 fruit did not drop as much as that on unsprayed trees, and it was much 

 more free from " scab." 



Codlin Moth.— The first brood is easily kept in check by the use of 

 Paris green or London purple, applied immediately after the falling of the 

 blossoms. Spraying is generally done at this period and ten days later, 

 but in Virginia it is evident that the poison must continue to be used up 

 to a much later date — probably as late as the middle of July — to destroy 

 second and following broods. Arsenate of lead (11 oz. acetate of lead in 

 one vessel, and 4 oz. arsenate of soda in another, when poured together 

 form arsenate of lead, enough for 150 gallons of the spray), owing to its very 

 fine division and remaining long in suspension, is found advantageous ; it 

 will also adhere well even to glossy leaves. It was used with Bordeaux 

 mixture. 



Combination of Contact and Poisonous Insecticide with a Fungicide. 

 By means of a Kerowater-pump, kerosene was used from the oil pump at 

 10 and 15 per cent., from the main pump Bordeaux mixture with arsenical 

 poison, used on April 26, and on May 12 and June 9 ; result, no injury 

 from either the 10 or the 15 per cent, kerosene oil spray ; well pleased with 

 result ; aphides did not appear on trees thus treated. On April 26, an 

 Apple tree badly attacked by aphides was sprayed with 15 per cent, 

 kerosene ; aphides were all destroyed, tree not injured. 



Mechanical Bordeaux Mixture. — To prevent the ill effects resulting 

 from the standing of Bordeaux mixture after the combination of the 

 lime and copper sulphate solutions, which make constant agitation 

 necessary, two solutions were prepared in the usual manner, except that a 

 concentrated solution of copper sulphate was used instead of a dilute 

 one. This consisted of 2 lb. of copper sulphate in four gallons of water. 

 Tavo pounds of lime was slacked and diluted with 12 gallons of water. 

 The two solutions were then placed in the two receptacles of a Kero- 

 water pump : the concentrated copper sulphate in the oil tank, and the 

 12 gallons of lime water in the barrel. The pump was then set to make 

 a 25 per cent, mixture which combined the lime and copper sulphate in 

 equal quantities in the nozzle. In appearance this solution was an ideal 

 Bordeaux mixture. It distributed well, no clogging as a result of the 

 combination of the lime and copper sulphate forming sulphate of lime. 

 Its action, as far as could be judged from the season's tests, is in 

 every way equal to that of standard Bordeaux mixture. 



Tobacco. — Kerosene emulsion found very effective against Rose beetles. 



