2o8 
The Irish Naturalist. 
September, 
Chara, desperatelj^ iiicrusted, and some spindly stems of Pota- 
mogeto7i perfoliatns rising from deep water, represent the 
aquatic vegetation. Even the reed vegetation is affected, and 
the groves of Phragmites and Scirpus are thin and rather 
stunted. In the upper lake the incrustation, though every- 
where present, is not nearly so dense, and hydrophytes have 
a better chance. The lake is here seen to be divided into 
areas of pale green and areas of dark green. The former 
indicate the white limy bottom ; the latter were found by 
dredging to represent great beds of Chara hispida, growing 
in I0-20 feet of water, mixed with Potamogeton perfoliatus 
and C polyaca7itha. Along the margin of the upper lake, too, 
Littorella and littoral Pondweeds may be gathered. It may 
be noted that both in the streams which enter the lake, and 
in the stream which drains it, the hydrophytes are quite un- 
incrusted, and excellent specimens of Pondweeds and Charas 
ma3^ be gathered. 
lyough Carra lies 69 feet above Ordnance datum. The sur- 
rounding country is low. Around the lake in some places 
drift is absent, and limestone pavements are developed, 
though to no great extent. The shores are wooded in many 
places, sometimes with pines and other exotic trees, some- 
times with a native vegetation. Peat bogs are rare in the 
vicinity of the lake, and cultivated land and woods pre- 
dominate. 
The flora of Lough Carra is by no means unexplored. 
John Ball, F.R.S., visited the lake in 1837, and notes^ the 
occurrence of Thalidrum minus^ Rhamnus catharticuSy R. 
Frangula^ Eiwnymiis turopceus^ Rubia peregrifia, Galium 
boreale, Antenyiaria dioica, Gentiafia vetna^ G. Aniarella^ 
Spira7ithes autumrialis, Lastrea Thelypteris^ and Equisetum 
variegatum, 
A. G. More visited lyough Carra in 1854, but notes^ only 
eight plants — namely, Viola canina, Rha7n7ms catharticus, 
Myriophylhmi verticillatuTn, A7ite7i7iaria dioica, Ge7ttia7ia vema^ 
1 Botanical Notes of a Tour in Ireland, with Notices of some new 
British Plants. Ann. of Nat. Hist,, ii., 35. 1839. 
2 Localities for some plants observed in Ireland, with remarks on the 
geographical distribvitiou of others. Proc, Dublin Univ. Zool. and Bot. 
Assoc., ii , 54-65, i860, and Nat. Hist. Review, vii. {Proc), 434-443' i860, 
