1906. USSH^R. — Hycc7ia IDens of Mammoth Cave, 239 
many bones of Bear, Reindeer, and Mammoth, the latter fiag- 
mentary, except two phalanges. 
August 3. — Continued to dig the rubbly sand where the 
Fourth Gallery widens and its course is continued on another 
parallel. Here we found pale sand uppermost, with darker 
sand beneath. Besides limestone blocks and rubble, we found 
buried in the sand several worn sandstones, the absence of 
which from the sand of the outer halls was so remarkable. 
Found in the sands here many bones of Bear, Reindeer, Mam- 
moth, a femur of Hare, and the ends of a shin of Irish Elk. 
In the afternoon I had the great pleasure of taking Dr. and 
Mrs. ScharfF and their sons through the cave. Dr. Scharfif 
showed me that we have got both the Norwegian and Arctic 
lycmmings, of which we have recently obtained jaws. 
August 4. — Worked beyond (west of) the Fourth Gallery, 
where the dividing walls are gone and there is a low con- 
tinuous hall over benches of rock that represent the founda- 
tions of the dividing walls. On these rock-benches sand and 
bones had accumulated, and a lower stalagmite floor had 
formed like that in the Elephant-Hall, but at a much shorter 
distance below the upper stalagmite. Besides the bones found 
in the lower stalagmite (which we had to take out with cold 
chisel and hammer) we found others of Bear, Reindeer, and 
small Mammoth either in sand below the stalagmite or in 
rubble where the sand had been drained away. A humerus 
of Hyaena was in the sand. A tibia and horns of Reindeer 
had been extensively gnawed by rodents, apparently while 
they were fresh, and the marks had been coated with sandy 
mud. 
August 6. — Continued working the low hall, and got into 
a wide gallery which flanks it on the west, called from its con- 
tents the Gallery of the Aged Carnivores. In this some of the 
upper stalagmite remains like a ceiling 2 to 4 inches from the 
rocky roof ; between it and the sand below there is room to 
creep. In part of this gallery, opposite where we entered, 
were found in or near the surface many bones of Reindeer, 
Bear, and Mammoth. Of the latter we got most of a large 
mandible, containing a fine molar tooth. 
August 7.— Dug in the deep bed of sand under the stalag- 
mite bridge and found many bones of Reindeer and Bear. 
A 2 
