T9o6, UssHER. — Hycena-Dens of Mammoth Cave* 243 
stones occurred at all the levels we dug in the sand, and the 
presence of so many bones of extinct animals, from Lemming 
to Mammoth (and especially the fragile skulls of Wolf and 
Fox, which broke up when stirred) seems irreconcilable with 
the idea that the bone-sand was retnanie, as it must have 
been if more recent stones were mixed with older material. 
The examination of these worn sandstones may throw light 
on the glacial relations of the cave-fauna. 
September 3. — Resumed the excavation of the Fourth 
Gallery, Quadruple Set, where we left off on 3rd August. I 
call this the Threatening Gallery, as dislocated blocks 
impend over its entrance from the low hall. Among the 
bones found in it was an axis of a small Mammoth, and 
further on a skull of Hyaena, which retains the back teeth 
on both sides, and one side of the maxilla connected with the 
cranium and forehead. The worn teeth denote great age. 
It was about eight inches below the surface, and was full of 
sand. 
The repeated finding of remains of Hyaena, associated in 
narrow galleries with those of Mammoth and Reindeer, 
makes it evident to my mind that these animals must have 
been contemporaneous in Ireland, as also the Bear, Wolf, 
Hare, and Lemming. 
September 4. — Continued to work the Threatening Gallery 
southward. A thin stalagmite floor lay on the surface of the 
sand, which was packed with limestones and a few worn sand- 
stones, and the older broken-up stalagmite occurred at various 
depths in the sand. The latter contained many bones of the 
following : — 
Mammoth : — adult, vertebra and patella, and fragments ; 
young, two milk teeth in portion of maxilla, larger un- 
ground molar, larger ground molar. 
Hyaena : — canine of aged animal (probably belonging to 
skull found yesterday); ramus of mandible of young Hyaena, 
humerus, femur (?), vertebra, and metatarsus. 
Bear :— tibia and other bones, part of skull, with molar 
teeth, being 2 ft. 6 in. deep. 
Reindeer : — several bones, one two feet below the surface, 
while several of Hyaena were less. The gallery being narrow. 
I take this as proof that Hyaenas lived in the age of the 
