248 
The Irish Naturalist, 
November^ 
a narrow gallery led off to the left in which we found in deeper, 
darker sand a Mammoth's cervical vertebra almost entire. 
Septkmbkr 22. — We found the rest of the Gallery of the 
Vertebra unsuitable for excavation, owing to the insecure 
nature of its east wall ; but at 21 feet 6 inches, where it termi- 
nates, there is a side opening into another gallerj% the Bear's 
Den, which runs a further course south of 16 feet 6 inches. 
This, again, before it terminates, opens east and west into 
other galleries. Passing through the eastern ope, we reached 
a narrow gallery that slopes down into a deep swallow-hole. 
Johnny Nicholls, who went down into it, brought up the finest 
tooth of adult Mammoth we have yet got, in perfect preserva- 
tion, and of a rich mahogany-colour, which he said was 
loose under a stone, also two imperfect Reindeer antlers; and 
Power pulled out of the ^ide of this swallow-hole from sandy 
earth a Reindeer's cranium, wanting the maxilla and nasal 
part. 
September 24. — Excavated the Bear's Den down to 4 feet 
below the surface. It was barely wide enough for a man to 
work in, and the sand, which was muddy or earthy, contained 
blocks and rubble which increased as we dug down. The first 
foot or so in depth contained hardly any bones, but the bed 
below that was the richest I have seen, so that we filled two 
large riddles with remains of Mammoth, Bear, and Reindeer. 
There is a tibia found near the surface which I take to belong 
to Wolf, and some other bones may also be of Wolf Of 
Mammoth we got two teeth, not full-sized, the head of a large 
femur, a long piece of rib, a phalanx, and many other pieces. 
Of Reindeer we found the longest piece of antler I have seen 
in the cave. 
From the swallow-hole and its gallery we got a large lot 
of broken bones of Reindeer, some of Bear, and some bits of 
Mammoth. The richness of these galleries seems to be due 
to their narrowness, which retained the bones within close 
limits in times of disturbance. 
September 25. — The Swallow-hole Gallery, worked by Power, 
yielded a large Mammoth's tooth under the superficial rubble 
in a vacancy, under a block, and over the sand. A sandstone 
cobble was embedded under bones of Reindeer. We also got 
here a piece of mandible of Hyaena and bones of Hare and 
Rabbit (?). A portion of I^emming's skull was taken out of a 
