I920. 



Callagan. — Glacial Deposits of Waterville. 



8/ 



Details of Wkll bored in iqii hy Islers at Waterville. 



f1;. ins. ft. ins. 



Top soil and gravel . . . . . . 60 Go 



Running sand and boulders . . . 24 o 30 o 



Running sand . . . . . . 100 40 o 



Running sand and boulders . . . . 160 .56 o 



Red and grey slate rock .. .. 118 o 174 o 



Red and white rock .. .. 10 175 o 



Running sand .. .. .. 10 176 o 



Red and grey rock and slate .. .. 60 182 o 



Here the drill fell into a cavity of 3 or 4 feet and water commenced to flow. 



The 10 feet of sand is no doubt a thicker layer than 

 usual in the moraine. 



The I foot of running sand beneath 120 feet of solid 

 rock is peculiar and may be an error. 



Lough Currane is now and has been for some centuries 

 higher than in the iith and 12th century when the church 

 on Church Island was built (c. 1130) and the building 

 known as the " castle " inhabited (" Illauntinny "). 



The building of the first bridge contracted the channel 

 of the outflowing river, and caused a rise of the lake ; 

 the building of the last bridge in 1826 caused a further 

 contraction and subsequent rise in the lake. The difference 

 of level between now and ancient times appears to be 

 about 3 or 4 feet. The submerged stones at Church Island 

 called the " cause w^ay/' probably an old quay or landing- 

 place, are not much submerged at low water in the lake 

 and the difference of 3 or 4 feet would bring them above 

 the surface permanently^ This difference would also give 

 a dry platform of about half an acre for the " castle." 

 It would also bring the submerged peat bog near the outlet 

 above the surface. 



The small islands near the western shore would at that 

 time have been peninsulas as the water is very shallow 

 between them and the land, the bottom is covered with 

 stones washed from the moraine. 



In most of the peat bogs the old land surface on which 

 the bog started to grow is studded with tree stumps, mostly 

 pines with the main roots in situ, and the stumps generally 

 about a foot in height above the former land level. In 



