246 DR. E. W. G. MASTERMAN, ON RECENT DISCOVERIES 



of David," the old name gradually spread northwards as the 

 city grew and " finally became synonymous with Jerusalem as 

 a whole."* Thus in Solomon's time the name remained in its 

 old locality. Solomon (i Kings viii, If) gathered together all 

 the tribes to bring up the ark out of the City of David, whicli 

 is Zion, to the Temple. The Temple at this stage lay above 

 Zion, on the point wdiich dominated tlie whole of this eastern 

 ridge. The expression is always vp from the City of David, or 

 from Zion, to the Temple. David, for example (ii Sam. xxiv, 18) 

 went up from his house in his city to the threshing floor of 

 Araunah — the site of the Temple. 



But gradually the name Zion spread. It has been suggested 

 that the " name accompanied the ark "* from the City of David 

 to the Temple, and thence it spread to include the whole cit}^ 

 becoming a synonym for Jerusalem itself. In Isaiah's time the 

 Temple Hill is clearly called Zion, and also in the writings of 

 Amos, Micah and Jeremiah. 



What the Western Hill was called in the Old Testament we 

 do not know, but that the city spread early to it as the popula- 

 tion increased may be considered certain. Professor G. A.. 

 Smith has shown how from many reasons the population of 

 Jerusalem must liave greatly increased soon after David took 

 up his residence there, and we may suppose that suburbs under 

 the shelter of the west walls sprang up in the Central Valley 

 and also up the nearer slope of the west hill. The great 

 building king, Solomon, crowned the summit of " Moriah " with 

 the Temple and around it built his palaces.t They all together 

 covered an area considerably smaller than the Haram in 

 Jerusalem to-day. But he also built " the wall of Jerusalem 

 round about " (i Kings iii, 31, etc.) It is very probable that 

 Solomon built the " first wall " of the city,;}: i.e., a v/all running 

 on the line of the first wall described by Josephus. This ran 

 from the " Temple area," where it must have joined a wall to- 

 protect the buildings there, due westwards to the site of the 

 present Jaffa Gate : thence it ran south to the great rock scarp 

 now included witliin the present "Bishop Gobat's boys' school,"' 

 known as "Maudslay's Scarp." It has been argued that no^ 

 king except Solomon could during all the monarchy have liad 



* G. A. Smith, lor. at. 



t "His own palace, that of the daiigliter of riinraoli, the Throne Hall,, 

 the Pillared Hall, the House of the Palace of Lebanon," G. A. Smith> 

 jL.vpositor, Feb., liJ05. 



i Josephus, P. J., V, vi, 2. 



