158 THE STEUCTUEE OF THE HOESE 



foot, but three other toes are present, and complete in 

 all their parts, though very minute ; and in the fore 

 foot two nearly equally developed toes reach the ground. 



As the first segment of the horse's hind limb is so 

 much shorter proportionately than that of man, the 

 last is as much longer, and being habitually carried in a 

 totally different position has a very different appearance. 

 The backwardly-projecting prominence in the hock of 

 the horse corresponds to the heel of man, and the hinder 

 surface of the horse's limb, from the hock to the hoof, 

 corresponds to the plantar surface or 1 sole ' of the foot 

 of man. Man is ' plantigrade,' the whole of the sole of 

 the foot, including the heel, being placed on the ground 

 in standing ; the horse is c unguligrade,' walking only 

 on the hoof, encasing the tip (or last phalanx) of the 

 toe. Dogs and cats assume an intermediate position 

 Q digitigrade '), for, although the metatarsal bones and 

 the heel are raised, not only the tips, but the greater 

 part of the plantar surface of the toes rests on the 

 ground. 



The sesamoid bones of the hind foot exactly resemble 

 those of the fore foot. 



The Muscles of the Limbs 



Muscles are the organs by which all the movements 

 of one part of the body in relation to any other part are 

 effected. They lie around the bones and beneath the 



