ENGLAND. 



537 



Clifton . 



Wakefield, with 24,530 inhabitants ; Huddersfield, 20,000 ; Halifax, 34,500 ; and Bradford, 

 43,500, all great woolen marts, and having large piece or clotii halls for the sale of woolen 

 goods. Bradford also contains large founderies. 



Bristol is a very old city, situated near the confluence of the Avon and the Severn, and is 

 accessible for vessels of 1,000 tons. The old town is irregularly built, with narrow streets and 

 mean houses, but the modern part of the city is laid out with spacious streets and squares, and 

 contains many handsome buildings. Its foreign trade is considerable, and its distilleries, sugar 

 refineries, glass works, and brass works are extensive. The cathedral, several churches, the 

 council-house, commercial rooms, &c., are among the principal public buildings. There are 

 extensive wet docks here. Population, 117,000. Clifton, near Bristol, built on St. Vin- 

 cent's Rock, is celebrated for its mineral 

 waters. 



Sheffield is a well built, and flourishing 

 manufacturing town, but the smoke of its 

 numerous manufactories gives it rather a 

 sombre appearance. It is noted for the ex- 

 cellence of its cutlery, which is also made 

 in all the surrounding villages. The manu- 

 facture of plated goods is also extensive, 

 and there are numerous large iron foun- 

 deries in the town and vicinity. Popula- 

 tion, 91,700. 



J^ewcastle, a large trading and manufac- 

 turing town, is a place of great antiquity, 

 and of considerable note in history. It is 

 situated upon the Tyne, 10 miles from the 

 sea, and is accessible to large vessels. The 

 collieries m the vicinity employ 40,000 men, and have for centuries supplied the eastern and 

 southern parts of the island, and, in part, the opposite coast of the continent, with fuel. Up- 

 wards of 800,000 chaldrons are exported annually. Lead is also exported in large quan- 

 tities. The glass works and iron works here are very extensive, and ship-building, the potteries, 

 and various manufactures of hardware employ many laborers. In point of tonnage, New- 

 castle is the second port in Engalnd, its shipping amounting to above 200,000 tons. The town 

 is well built, and contains many handsome streets and edifices. Population, 53,600. At the 

 mouth of the river lies Tynemouth, with 23,200 inhabitants. 



Sunderland is a thriving town near the mouth of the Wear, in Durham county. It is the 

 fourth port in England in point of shipping, which amounts to 108,000 tons. It is the depot 

 for the coal trade of the valley of the Wear, which employs 30,000 men, and furnishes annu- 

 ally 560,000 chaldrons. The glass works are extensive, and ship-building is also an important 

 branch of the industry of the inhabitants. Population, 40,700. 



Kingston-npon- Hull, generally called Hull, stands upon the Humber, and has the greatest 

 inland trade of any English port. Its foreign trade is also extensive, and it is the chief place 

 in England for the whale fishery. The harbor is artificial, and Hull is remarkable for its fine 

 quays and its extensive docks, which cover an area of 23 acres. The shipping amounts to 

 72,250 tons ; population, 54,100. A few miles above Hull, is the port of Goole, which has 

 recently become an important trading place, by the construction of extensive docks, ware- 

 houses, and basins. 



JSTorwich, an ancient and populous city, has been, for several centuries, noted for its woolen 

 manufactures, to which, in later times, have been added those of cotton, linen, and silk. The 

 castle and the cathedral are the most remarkable buildings. Population, 61,100. 



Yarmoulh, formerly the port of Norwich, has been one of the stations of the British Navy, 

 and presents one of the finest quays in the world, upwards of a mile in length. But in conse- 

 quence of the obstructions in the navigation of the river Yare, between Yarmouth and Norwich, 

 a canal, navigable by sea-borne vessels, has been made from the latter place to Lowestoft, 

 vvhei e an artificial harbor has been constructed, capable of admitting large ships. Population 

 of Yarmoulh, 21,100. 



Dover, on the coast of Kent, !s an old town, which gives its name to the straits, separating 



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