542 



ENGLAND. 



der, carraway, and teazle, the two first on account of their aromatic seeds, the last for its pricklv 

 heads, used by the manufacturers in raising the nap on woolen cloths. 



Saffron. Coriander. Teazle. 



6. Commerce. The commerce of England is unrivaled by that of any other nation in the 

 world. Every quarter of the globe seems tributary to the enterprise and perseverance of this 

 great comniei cial people. It has been usual to consider the commerce of England as connect- 

 ed with that of Scotland and Ireland ; we tiierefore refer the reader to the view of the com- 

 merce of Great Brituin for further particulars. 



7 Manufactures. The manufactures of England far surpass, in amount and variety, those 

 of any other nation that has ever existed ; and form the most astonisiiing display of the fruits 

 of human industry and skill. The vast nuiubeis of people employed in them, give no ade- 

 quate idea of their immense extent, as ilie gieat perfection to which labor-saving machinery is 

 carried in England, enables one man to do the woik of 150. The cotton manufacture alone 

 would have required, half a century ago, 50,000,000 men. The pov.'er employed in the man- 

 ufacture of cotton alone, in Great Britain, exceeds the manufacturing powers of all the rest of 

 Europe collectively. The most important branches are cotton, woolen, silk, linen, and hard- 

 ware. 



In tho northern counties of England, are great manufactures of broadcloth and every other 

 kind of woolen goods, principally in the West Riding of Yorkshire, at Leeds, Wakefield, 

 Bradford, Halifax, and Huddersfield. Sheffield has manufactures of cutlery and plated goods. 

 Manchester, and its neighborhood, is the great seat of the cotton manufacture. 



In the midlavid counties, are the Cheshire manufactures of silk, cotton, linen, iron, and china- 

 ware. The stocking manufactures of Nottingham ; the woolen of Leicestershire ; the pottery 

 of Staffordshire ; the hardware of Birmingham ; the ribands of Coventry ; the carpeting of 

 Kidderminster; the broadcloth of Stroud. Flannels are the chief article of Welsh manufac- 

 ture. In the southern counties are the cotton, paper, and blankets of Berkshire; the flanneh 

 of Salisbury ; the cordage of Dorsetshire ; the woolens of every sort in Devonshire ; and ev- 

 ery kind of goods, particularly the finer articles of upholstery, jewelry, and every material of 

 luxury, are manufactured in and about London. For further particulars, see the general view 

 of the manufactures of Great Britain. 



8. Inhabitants. Among the inhabitants of England are very few foreigners, and these are 

 mostly in the seaports. The stock of the present English was various : the original islanders 

 have been mixed at different times, by means of conquest, with the Romans, the Saxons, the 

 Danes, the Goths, and the Normans. There are but few of the people called Gypsies, but 

 there are many Jews, chiefly resident in London. Negroes are seldom seen, and what few 

 there are, are much prized as servants. They are not degraded in public estimation, as In the 

 United States, and a decent white female is sometimes seen leaning on the arm of a negro. 

 In persoi', the English are robust, and they have clear and florid complexions. The higher 

 classes, from the prevalence of athletic exercises, are among the best spec'mens of the human 



