b2o 



ENGLAND. 



Copper Mine. 



der by the rills of water produced by the 

 rain. The tin mines of Cornwall are very 

 productive, and with those of copper, 

 yield a product of 3,000,000 dollars year- 

 ly. The coal mines of Newcastle afford, 

 annually, above 1,500,000 tons of coal, 

 and employ, in the digging and transpor- 

 tation, 70,000 men. The copper mine 

 of Parys, in Anglesey, consists of the 

 greatest solid mass of that metal hitherto 

 discovered. It is 60 feet thick, and 

 worked in the open air, like a quarry. In 

 Cumberland, is a mine of the best plum- 

 bago or black lead, in the world. Cheshire 

 produces rock salt in great plenty. This 

 is the Liverpool salt of commerce. 



13. Jlnhnah. The English horse has 

 been greaily improved by crossing with 

 the finest foreign breeds, till in spirit, 

 strength, and P[)eed, he is fully equal or 

 superior lo that of any country. The 

 different breeds of sheep, too, have been 

 greatly improved, by the care and skill of 

 the breeder. Dogs of every variety have 

 been naturalized here ; but the bull-dog is 

 said to be peculiarly English, and it pos- 

 sesses strength and courage in an extraor- 

 dinary degree. Of savage animals, since the 

 extirpation of the wolf, which was effected 

 in the reign of James the Seventh, the 

 largest and strongest are the fox and wild 

 cat. The badger is frequently met with, 

 as also the stoat, the martin, of which 

 there are two species, the otter, the squir- 

 rel, and the dormouse. Rats are numer- 

 ous, particularly the brown rat of India, 

 falsely called the Norway rat, which has 

 nearly extirpated the native iron-gray rat. 

 Mice of various kinds are common. The 

 hedgehog is not rare, and the mole is still 

 a nuisance in every rich and well-cultivat- 

 ed field. The stag is yet found in its na- 

 tive state upon the borders of Cornwall, 

 and two species of fallow deer are still 

 preserved. Hares are abundant. The 

 sea-calf and great seal are frequently seen 

 upon the coasts, particularly the coast of 

 Mules carrying Copper-Ore in Cornwall. \Vales 



Tiie larger birds of prey have now almost everywhere disappeared, as indeed they gene- 

 rally do, from a country well-cultivated and well-inhabited. The golden eagle is still found on 

 Snowdon in Wales, and the black eagle is sometimes seen in Derbyshire ; but the osprey or 

 sea-eagle, seems to be extinct. The peregrine or foreign falcon, is confined to Wales ; but 

 the various kinds of hawks are numerous all over the country. The largest wild bird is the 

 bustard ; it is found only in the eastern counties, and weighs from 25 to 27 lbs. ; the smallest 

 is the golden-crested wren, which sports in the branches of the loftiest pines. The nighting- 

 ale, celebrated for its plaintive tones and extraordinary compass of voice, is confined chiefly 

 to the eastern and middle counties, and is rarely observed to the north of Doncaster. The 

 domestic birds of England seem to be wholly of foreign origin ; the poultry from Asia, the 

 Guinea fowl from Africa, the peacock from India, the pheasant from Colchis in Asiatic Tur- 



Salt Mine at JVortlacich, England. 



