620 



GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



In France. 

 Human power 

 Horses 



Oxen and cows 

 Asses 



Power applied to Jlgricullure. 



21,056,667 equivalent to 8,406,033 effective laborers, 



1,600,000 

 6,973,000 

 240,000 



Total, 



In Great Britain. 



Human power 

 Horses 



Oxen, cows, &c. 



Total of Great Britain 

 Add for Ireland 



11,200,000 

 17,432,000 

 240,000 



37,278,038 



5,000,000 equivalent to 2,132,446 

 1,250,000 " 8,750,000 



5,500,000 " 13,750,000 



24,632,446 

 7,455,701 



- ■ - '■' -' 32,088,147 



Taking the whole force in each country and comparing it with the human force, we find the 

 proportion in Great Britain to be as 12 to 1, and in France less than 5 to 1 ; that is, the 

 agriculturists of Great Britain have created and applied a force twelve times greater ihan their 

 own corporeal force by the use they make of domestic animals, while the addition so made 

 in France, does not amount to five times their own. 



Power applied to Commerce and Manufactures. 



Animate force 



Mills, &c. 



Wind-mills 



Wind and Navigation 



Steam-engines 



Total 



France. 

 6,303,019 

 1,500,000 



253,333 

 3,000,000 



480,000 



11,536,352 



men-power. 



Add for Ireland 



Great Britain. 



7,275,497 men-powfer 

 1 ,200,000 " 

 2-10,000 " 

 12,000,000 " 

 6,400,000 " 



27,115,497 

 1,002,667 



28,118,164 



In France, the whole animate and inanimate force applied to commerce and manufactures, 

 Is only about double that of the laborers themselves, while in Great Britain the whole force so 

 employed is about four times that of the actual human force. The whole power so created 

 in Great Britain, in all branches of industry, is equivalent to about 45,000,000 men-power ; 

 m France to about 35,000,000 men-power. 



5. Government. These islands are under one government. The peculiarities of each 

 division are pointed out under their respective heads. The Parliament of England, or as it 

 's now called, the Imperial Parliament, is the sole legislative body. The form of govern- 

 aient combines, according to theory, the three principles of monarchy, aristocracy, and de- 

 aciecracy. The powers of the king, as described in the chapter upon England, apply to the 

 whole empire. The right of voting for members of parliament, depends on the laws for each 

 particular part of the kingdom.* 



* Sinecures. These are offices without employment, 

 but with salaries They consist, in the first place, of em- 

 ployments fallen into disuse, as the chief justices in Eyre, 

 who enjoy salaries of £4,566; the Vice-Admiral of Scot- 

 land ; the keeper of the Privy Seals of Scotland ; and 

 Chancellor and Justice-General of Scotland ; the keeper 

 of the Signet in Ireland ; all which have salaries of 1,500 

 to 5,000 pounds. The master of the hawks in the royal 

 household has £1,500. In the second place are the offi- 

 ces, with salaries vastly disproportioned to the employ- 

 ments, and in which the duties are wholly discharged by 

 deputies. Some of these exceed £10,000. Some are 

 nominal duties of a menial nature. A right honorable 

 lady, a Baroness, has held the office of sweeper of the 

 Mall in the Park. Nofcle lords hold the offices of wine- 

 tasters, store keepers, packers, craners, &c. The sine- 

 cures amount in the whole to £356,555. 



Pensions, &c There aiP about 1,500 peuBioners, who 



receive £777,556 per annum. This is exclusive of colo- 

 nial pensions, grants, allowances, half pay, and superan- 

 nuations for civil, military, and naval services. Pensions 

 are granted for all sorts of service. Almost every high 

 public functionary on retiring from office enjoys a pen 

 sion from £4,000 downward. The Duke of Wellington 

 has received successively under the title of " national re- 

 wards " the sum of £700,000. He had, while premier, 

 £13,140 yearly. Lord Maryborough, his brother, as 

 master of the hounds, had £3,000. Lord Cowley, and 

 Marquis Wellesley, also brothers, had £12,000 and 

 £4,000. A natural son of the last, £1,200. Another 

 brother in the church, £7,000. I^ady Mornington, a 

 cousin, £ 1 ,000. Lady Anna Smith, a sister, £ 800. Her 

 husband, £],y00. Lord Burghersh, a nephew, £4,000. 

 Lord Fitzroy Somerset, a nephevp, £ 2,000. Sir Charles 

 Bagot, a nephew, £ 12,000. Thus the whole family of 

 the Duke of Wellington received £62,000 annually. 



