GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



519 



Horses 



Horned Cattle 

 Sheep 



JVumber of Domestic Cattle. 



Great Britain. 

 1,500,000 

 5,220,000 



40,000,000 



Ireland, 

 unknown. 

 (I 



2,000,000 



3. Mines and Manufactures. The unrivaled prosperity and extent of the manufactures of 

 Great Britain are owing, in no small degree, to the abundant supply of coal, iron, limestone, 

 salt, lead, copper, and tin, which different parts of the country afford. Coal, indeed, is the 

 food, as iion is the muscle, of her vast manufacturing industry ; which has, perhaps, never been 

 surpassed m the variety, amount, beauty, richness, and value of its products, in the ingenuity 

 and perfection of its processes, and in the skill, method, promptitude, and energy displayed 

 in the management of its gigantic machinery. 



Coal 



Iron 



Tin 



Copper 



Lead 



Salt 



Annual Produce of Mines. 



Tons. 

 26,200,000 

 800,000 

 ■4,500 

 13, .300 

 50,000 

 500.000 



Total, including various other articles 



Value, 

 f 50,000,000 

 30,000,000 

 1 ,GOO,()00 

 6,000,000 

 5,000,000 

 2,0i)0,000 



$100,000,000 



Annual Produce of Manufactures. Persons empl. 



Woolens 

 Cottons 

 Linen 

 Silk 



Hard Ware 

 Leather and articles 

 Earthen Ware 

 Glass 

 Paper 



Hats and Caps 



$ 100,000,000 

 165,000,0(10 

 40,000,(100 

 .'iOjOOO.OOO 

 80,000,(100 

 65,000,000 

 12,000,0(10 

 10,000,0(10 

 7,500,000 

 12,000,000 



400,000 

 900,000 

 200,(100 

 208,000 



:!n(i,ooo 



2:i5,000 

 (iO,000 

 5(1,000 

 30,()00 

 20,000 



The other principal items of manufacture are beer, spirits, soap, candles, refined sugar, 

 furniture, starch, dye stuffs, &c. 



4. Commerce. History has nothing to show, either among the commercial people of an- 

 tiquity, or the Middle Ages, or in modern times, that can compare with the value and extent 

 of the commercial operations of the British people. Carrying on, probably, the richest and 

 most active home trade of any nation ; seeking, from foreign parts, the various materials 

 of their innumerable manufactures ; distributing over all the world the surplus products of 

 their industry ; covering all seas with their merchantmen, and ruling all by their vast fleet, 

 and admirably chosen military and mercantile posts, they have expanded their commercial 

 activity even beyond the limits of their mighty political sway. The annual value of the 

 imports is about 250 million dollars ; of exports 270 millions ; of this last sura, above 200 

 millions are of domestic produce and manufactures. The following table shows the countries 

 to which the value of the exports is greatest. 



United States - - f 50,000,000 



British American Colonies - 25,000,000 



Germany - - - 22.000,00 



East India and China - 20,000,000 



Principal Articles Exported. 



Cottons and Cotton Yarn - - $96,000,000 



Woolens .... 22.000,000 



Linen .... 10,000,000 



Iron and Steel - - - 10,000,000 



Hardware and Cutlery - - 8,000,000 



Earthenware - - - 2,800.000 



Silks .... 4,000,000 



Refined Sugar - - - 3,000,000 



Clothing .... 2,800,000 



Haberdashery and Millenery - 2,.500,000 



Glass .... 2,500,000 



Brass and Copper Manufactures - 5,000,000 



An attempt has been made by a distinguished statistical writer to estimate the whole ani- 

 mate and inanimate power applied to agriculture, commerce, and manufactures in France 

 and Great Britain ; converting the animal power, or that exercised by beasts of burden and 

 draft, and the inanimate power, or that derived from machinery, into their equivalent human 

 power, or that exercised by effective laborers, he gives the following results : 



Holland 







12,000,000 



Italy, &c. 







15,000,000 



Brazil 







12,000,000 



Shipping 



of the United Kingdom in 



1837 





Vessels. 



Tonnage. 



Men. 



England 



14,908 



1,821,994 



105,075 



Scotland 



3,244 



334,870 



24,292 



Norman Isles 



335 



30,387 



2,H43 



Man 



265 



6,907 



1 ,387 



Ireland 



1,694 



139,363 



9,865 



Colonies 



5,501 



457,497 



30,044 



Totals 



26,037 



2,791,018 



175.306 



