618 



GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



Eddystone Lighthouse. 



both to the north and south The 

 western shores of the British Islands 

 are washed by the Atlantic. Area, 

 120,000 square miles. 



The island of Great Britain lies on 

 the western coast of Europe, and ex- 

 tends from 50^ to 58^ 30' N. latitude, 

 and from 2° E. to 6° W. longitude. 

 The island is 580 miles long from north 

 to south, and 270 wide at the broad- 

 est part, which is along the south- 

 ern coast. It is very narrow in some 

 of the northern parts. Its whole 

 area is estimated at 88,800 square 

 miles. Ireland is a little more than 

 one third of that area, and is de- 

 scribed separately. 



The Anglo-Norman Islands lie upon the coast of France, and are a remnant of the British 

 dominion over the ancient Duchy of Normandy. They are Jersey, Guernsey, Sark, and 

 Alderney. The largest is about 12 miles in length. Guernsey and Jersey are covered with 

 orchards, and the latter has produced 24,000 hogsheads of cider in a year. The town of St. 

 Heller, in this island, contains 7,000 inhabitants. The population of all the islands is about 

 60,000. The inhabitants enjoy great political liberty, and their laws are based upon the 

 ancient Norman customs, but an appe;il lies from their courts to the king in council. Their 

 language is French, and no act of parliament is binding upon them until sanctioned by their 

 magistrates. They are exempt from naval and mihtary service, and their commerce is un- 

 shackled ; ilie free port of St. Helier allows them an open trade with the enemies of Great 

 Britain, even during war. The Orkneys, Shetlands, and Hebrides, belong to Scotland, and 

 will be described under that head. 



England 

 Wales 

 Scotland 

 Ireland 



Totals 



Extent and Population of the Principal Divisions, 



Sq. niilfs. 





Pop. 1830. 



50,210 





13,089,338 



8,125 





805,236 



29,787 





2,365,807 



31,200 





7,784,536 



119,322 





24,044,917 



2. ^/Agriculture. In most parts of the kingdom, but more particularly in England, agricul- 

 ture is carried on according to the most improved and scientific processes, whether originated 

 in the country, or borrowed from abroad. The best breeds of cattle have been assiduously 

 selected, whether of foreign or domestic origin, and cultivated with the greatest care, and the 

 land has been industriously and skilfully treated according to the rules of the most intelligent 

 husbandry. 



Jlgricultural Statistics of the British Empire. 



England 

 Wales 

 Scotland 

 Ireland 



Persons employed in Agriculture.. 



Families. Occupiers Occup. not Laborers, 

 emp. Lab. emp. Lab. 



701,^48 

 73, 195 

 12r.,.591 



884,330 



141,460 

 19,728 

 25,887 

 95,339 



94,883 

 19,9fi6 

 53,966 

 564,274 



744,407 

 55.468 

 87^292 

 564,441 



Totals 1,845,473 282,414 733,089 1,451,608 



Distribution of Land. 



Cultivated 

 Acres. 



England and Wales 28,7.50,000 

 Scotland . . . 5,043,450 

 Ireland . . . 14,603,473 



Not cultivated 

 Acres. 

 8,000,000 

 13,900,000 

 5,340,736 



The total annual value of the agricultural produce is estimated to be about 990 millions 

 of dollars, of which England and Wales yield about 650 millions, Scotland about 1 1 5 millions, 

 and Ireland the remainder. 



