516 



EUROPE. 



But the spirit of liberty was kept alive in the old forests of Germany or Deutschland, and 

 after the div ision of the Roman empire into the Western or Latin and the Eastern or Greek, 

 the Teutonic hordes poured all over the Western countries, occupying Britain, France, Spain, 

 and Italy. Thus commenced a new era in the history of Europe, called the Middle Ages. 

 The Greek empire of Constantinople was not completely overthrown, by the Ottomans, until 



Tournament. 



the middle of the 15th century. During the Middle Ages the crusadej, or religious wars 

 of Christendom and of l\)e Islam, in the 11th and 12th centuries, are the most memorable 



