EUROPE. 



495 



Crossing the gulf of Bothnia on the ice. 



Cnmparative Height of the Mountaiiis of Europe 



BRITISH ISLAMDS. - 1 Chjviol Uill., England, 3,000 feet. -2. Snowdon, Wale., 3,557 dc. - 3. Ben 

 Nevi., Scollanri 4,380 do -4. Carran Tual, Ireland, 3,4u0 do.- FRANCE. -5. Auvergue, 6,230 do. - 

 f fTI' '^Jr .TT- i'^'^ wTm f i^'^:''^- " <io. -8. La Malidellu, highest 



of Aud«lo.ian,11.40jdo. — N.4PLES. — 9. Mt.Corno. or Cavallo, 9,520 do. — 10. Vesiiviuj (volcanic > 



• f^,5?.;-':r=.'o,^K,^;""'\? '•'""sit'^"". ('"'""ii:.) lo.sro do. - Sardinia. - 12. mi, uun, i3,8!9do 



— SWITZERLAND. — 13. .^•los.criarhoni, 14,111 do, _ 14 Mt, Blanc 15 730 do. — 15 Ml Eosa 

 15,730 do,— IS. Junjfraii, 13,718 do, — 17. Rlietian Alps, 12,000 do —AUSTRIA, — 18 o'rtler 12 850 

 tloMind, 8,100 do, — iO Snefl.it.Tn, 8.120 do, — GERMANY. — 21, 



■ SWEDEN, 



, 3.620.d — 22. Hi;hesi S'- 



L ol Car 



ilhis 



, IP.f'OOdo. 



variable winds. Its encroachments upon its 

 southern coast have formed the Gulf of Dol- 

 lar! and the Zuyder See. The Baltic Sea 

 extends between Sweden and Russia, and 

 Germany. It is 600 miles long, and has an 

 area of 120,000 square miles. In many 

 places it is shallow, and it is exposed to sud- 

 den changes of the wind and violent storms ; 

 its tides are inconsiderable, and it discharges 

 its waters through the Sound and the two 

 Belts into the ocean. The gulfs of Bothnia 

 and Finland are its principal arms. The 

 Bay of Biscay is an open bay on the western 

 coast. 



The Gulf of Bothnia extends northerly, 

 between Sweden and Finland, 

 350 miles, with a breadth of 50 

 to 140. It is frozen so hard 

 during winter, that travelers cross 

 it from Sweden to Finland in 

 reindeer sledges. 



The Mediterranean Sea is a 

 large inland body of water, about 

 2,000 miles in length, and vary- 

 ing from 200 to 800 in breadth, 

 covering an area of 1,000,000 

 square miles. The tides in this 

 sea are slight, nowhere exceeding 

 two feet. A strong current 

 through the Dardanelles, brings 

 the waters of the Black Sea into 

 this basin, and while a central 

 current sets into it through the 

 Straits of Gibraltar from the At- 

 lantic Ocean, two lateral currents 

 pour its waters through that chan- 

 nel into the ocean. The Adri- 

 atic Sea or the Gulf of Venice, 

 and the Archipelago, are its prin- 

 cipal arms. The Black Sea is a 

 sort of large lake between Eu- 

 rope and Asia, which discharges 

 its waters by the Bosphorus, 

 through the sea of Marmora and 

 the Dardanelles, into the Medi- 

 terranean. Including the Sea of 

 Asoph, which is properly a gulf 

 of the Black Sea, the latter cov- 

 ers an area of 200,000 square 

 miles. It is so tempestuous and 

 boisterous as to be difficult of 

 navigation. 



3. Mountains. Four great sys- 

 tems of mountains spread their 

 numerous branches over this con- 

 tinent. The Pyrenees separate 

 France and Spain, and extend in 

 several parallel chains through the 

 peninsula ; their greatest eleva- 



