572 SCOTLAND. 



trade of the place is important and flourisliing, and its cotton manufactures are very extensive 

 Population, 202,420. Large vessels slop 20 miles below Glasgow, at Port Glasgow, a 

 pretty little town with 5,200 inhabitants. The shipping of the two places amounts to 48,000 

 tons. 



The name of Merdeen is applied to two distinct places, which, however, are situated near 

 each other, and now form one borough. The city of Old tBberdeen stands on the Don, and 

 the town of JVeto Merdeen on the Dee. Aberdeen is the principal commercial port of Scot- 

 land, and is inferior only to Glasgow in the extent of its cotton manufactures. The citizens 

 are also largely engaged in the Greenland whale fishery. Ship])ing of the port, 46,200 tons ; 

 population, 58,000. The harbor of Aberdeen is spacious and sale, and a large pier has been 

 erected. There are two universities here. King's College in Old Aberdeen, and Mariscbal 

 College in New Aberdeen. To the north of Aberdeen is Peterhead, a small town, with a 

 good harbor, engaged in the whale fishery, its mineral spiings are much resorted to. 



Dundee is an important trading town on the Firth of Tay, with a good harbor improved by 

 piers and docks. The shipping of the port amounts to 32,000 tons, and the population is 

 45,350. The manufactures, commerce, and population are increasing. Opposite the mouth 

 of the Tay, at the distance of several leagues from the shore, is the Bell Rock lighthouse, 

 erected upon a rock, which is covered by the sea at high tide. 



Perth, higher up the Tay, an old city, has been the scene of many interesting transactions 

 recorded in Scottish history, and was once the residence of the kings of Scotland. It is sit- 

 uated under the Grampian Hills ; the scenery around is highly picturesque, and the approach 

 to the city is remarkably beautiful. Its cotton and linen manufactures are extensive, and there 

 are several literary establishments here. Population, 20,000. 



Paisley is a large and opulent manufacturing town, near Glasgow, with 57,500 inhabitants 

 Muslins, silks, and coarse cotton goods are extensively manufactured, and there are also dis- 

 tilleries and founderies here. A few miles north of Paisley is Greenock, a flourishing, trad- 

 ing, and manufacturing town, with one of the best harbors in Scotland. The shipping of this 

 port amounts to 3G,250 tons ; population, 27,600. 



Inverness, the most important town in the northern part of Scotland, and considered the 

 metropolis of the Highlands, is situated at the eastern termination of the Caledonian canal. It 

 contains a royal academy and other public institutions. Population, 14,300. A few miles 

 from Inverness, is CuUoden Muir, celebrated as the scene of the defeat of the adherents of 

 the Stuarts, in 1746. 



Stirling, on the Forth, is a place of great antiquity, and of much note in Scottish history. 

 It is situated on an eminence, terminating in a rock, upon which stands Stirling castle. Pop- 

 ulation, 8,350. In the surrounding districts are Bannockburn, where Bruce defeated the 

 English forces ; Falkirk, celebrated as the scene of two famous battles, with 12,800 inhabit- 

 ants, and Carron, noted for its extensive iron foundery ; the species of ordnance, called 

 carronades, derives its name, from being first cast here. 



Among the other towns of Scotland, Dunfermline, noted for its linen manufactures, con- 

 tains the remains of a celebrated abbey, and has a population of 17,100 ; Jllontrose, on the 



eastern coast, is an active trading town, 

 with 12,050 inhabitants ; Dumfries, in 

 the southw'est on the Nith, has consider- 

 able trade and manufactures, with 11,600 

 inhabitants ; St. Andrews, once a large 

 town, but now reduced to an inconsider- 

 able place, contains a celebrated univer- 

 sity ; Kilmarnock, a flourishing and in- 

 creasing manufacturing town in Ayrshire, 

 has 19,000 inhabitants ; Lanerk contains 

 extensive cotton mills ; Dumbarton is 

 celebrated for its castle. Lerwick, the 

 capital of the Shetland Isles, and Kirk- 

 wall, capital cf the Orkneys, have each 

 about 3,000 inhabitants. 



The name of Gretna Green must be 

 well kr^ownfo every reader of romances 



Gretna Green. 



