606 



FRANCE. 



and numerous, and they combine great excellence of quality with great elegance of taste. 

 The annual value is about 300 million dollars. The porcelain of Sevres, Paris, &c., the 

 silks of Lyons, Nimes, Avignon, &c. ; the woolens of Elbeauf, Louviers, Rheims, Amiens. 

 &c. ; the cotton stuff's, muslins, gauzes, &c., of Rouen, St. Quentin, Tarare, Paris, Cam- 

 bray, Valenciennes, &c. ; the lace of Alen^on, Caen, Bayeux, &:c. ; the shawls, jewelry, 

 clocks, and watches, musical and scientific instruments, of Paris ; mirrors, tapestry, chemical 

 products, paper, paper-hangings, &c., are among the principal articles. The French excel 

 particularly in dyeing, and their goods are distinguished for firmness, delicacy, and brilliancy 

 of color.* 



Tol\l Amount'of Products of French Industry. 



Products of mineral kingdom 

 Corn and other grain 

 Wine .... 

 Meadows 



Fruits, kitciien vegetables, &c. 

 Forests .... 



$ 20,000,000 

 3ci0,000,000 

 10)0,000,000 

 140,000,000 

 5-2,000,000 

 28,000,000 



Flax and Hemp 

 Domestic Animals 

 Manufactures 



Total 



. $ 10,000,000 

 13;), 000, 000 

 . 300,000,000 



$ 1,220,000,000 



7. Colonies. The foregoing possessions of the French are now inconsiderable. They 

 p.re in America, the isles of St. Pierre and Miquelon ; Martinique ; Guadeloupe, with its 

 dependencies ; a part of St. Martin, and Guiana ; in Africa, the kingdom of Algiers ; the 

 colony of Senegal ; the Isle of Goree, and some factories ; in the Indian Ocean, the Isle of 

 Bourbon, and that of St. IMary near Madagascar ; and in Asia, Pondicherry, Karikal, Ya 

 naon, Cnandernagore, Mahe, and some factories. 



8. Revenue and Expenditure. The revenue is derived from direct and indirect taxes, sales 

 of wood from the public forests, customs, &c., and amounts to about 200,000,000 dollars; 

 the revenue under Napoleon amounted to 300,000,000. 



Revenue. 

 Land Tax ... 



Poll Tax, assessed Taxes 



Stamps ... 



Patents ... 



Sale of public domains, wood, &c. 



Customs and Excise 



Works carried on by government 



Miscellaneous 



Total 



Budget for 1838. 



F.XPENDITURE. 



Justice and Public Worship 

 Foreign Affairs ... 

 Navy .... 

 Public Instruction ... 

 Finance (sinking fund, interest of debt, 



of collecting revenue) 

 Army .... 

 Commerce and Public Works 

 Interior .... 

 Chamber of Deputies 



Total 



$52,500,000 

 17,000,000 

 41,200,000 

 7,000,000 

 8,000,000 

 57,000,000 

 26,000,000 

 2,600,000 



211,300,000 



- $13,000,000 



1 ,500,000 



- 12,600,000 



3,800,000 

 charge 



109.800,000 

 44,000,000 

 10,200,000 

 15,000,000 

 136,000 



212,636,000 



9. JS''ational Debt. This amounted in 1829 to 821 million dollars, but was increased by 

 the Revolution of 1830, and is now about 1,000 millions. In 1797, it was 4,440,000,000 

 dollars. Two thirds of this sum were annihilated by a decree of the revolutionary govern- 

 ment, and subsequently two thirds of the remainder. The public funds consist of bank shares 

 and the tiers consolide, a 5 per cent, stock. 



* Rouen is the Manchester of France, and its proximity 

 to Havre de Giace, the great American port, gives it the 

 same advantage in point of situation, that Manchester 

 derives from the neighborhood (.f Liverpool. The cotton 

 trade of Rouen supports from 5-^ to 60,000 persons. The 

 corduroy and velveteen of Troyes are well suited for la- 

 borers' clothing. Caen produces cambric nmslins, equal 

 to those of Switzerland. The ginophams from the Upper 

 Rhine are stout and well dyed ; and the printed muslins 

 of Versailles rival those of England. The delicacy and 

 perfection of the French cambrics have long been unri- 

 valed. The French laces are made both of silk and thread. 

 The point lace of Alen<;on and Argentan has long enjoy- 

 ed a great name. The parchment made in France is 

 esteemed the best in Europe. In clocks and watches the 

 Parisians are rivaling the Swiss. The manufacture of 

 burgical and mathematical instruments, and of all sorts of 

 expensive and tasteful toys, are carried to high perfection. 

 The porcelain of Sevres has a great reputation. The 

 glass manufacture of St. Gobin retains its high preemi- 



nence for large and beautiful mirrors. The crystal man- 

 ufactories in and about Paris are very numerous. French 

 furniture is cheaper than English. Dyeing is carried on 

 largely in the neighborhood of the several cloth manu- 

 factories. The waters of the Saone are excellent for 

 scouring, and possess a snapy quality. Those of the 

 Rhone are pure and equally fitted for dyeing. The supe- 

 rior excellence of the French cloth as regards color, arises 

 in a great measure from the great purity of the waters 

 used in dyeing. The raw cotton spun in France in 1826 

 amounted to 83,993,210 pounds. The wool to 102,300,000 

 pounds. There were 3,000 cashmere shawls, and 41,000 

 woolen shawls exported the same year. The value of 

 the silk annually worked up is equal to 26,640,000 dollars 

 of American money ; more than one half the raw mate- 

 rial is of native production. The China silkworm has 

 long been naturalized in France, and the French white 

 crapes now rival those of the East, so long inimitable in 

 brilliance and purity. Red and blue embroidered stuffs 

 have recentl}' been largely exported to Persia and Turkey 



