SPAIN. 



623 



AftRr the second restoration, France bad need of repose, and the Bourbon dynasty, although 

 twice forced upon the people at ihe point of the bayonet, might, wiih wisdom and moderation, 

 have kept upon the throne for many years ; but Charles the Tenth was so foolhardy as to at- 

 tempt the restoration of absolutism. He annihilated the charter by a stroke of his pen ; the 

 people rose in insurrection, and fought his troops in the streets of Paris. A three days' battle 

 ended i.n the overthrow of the king, on the oOtli of July, 1830. France is now a republic in 

 all but ihe name. The king rules by the will of the people. Hereditary nobility is abolished, 

 and hereditary monarchy may soon share the same fate. 



CHAPTER LXXVI. FtEPUBLIC OF ANDORRA. 



This little slate is situated on the southern declivity of the Pyrenees, between Catalonia, in 

 Spain, and the department of Arriege, in France. The population of the republic is 15,400, 

 occupying 34 villnges, and 190 square miles of territory. The capital, Andorra, has 2,000 

 inhabitants. Iron and wood are tlie principal productions. The government is administered 

 by a council, over which presides a syndic ; two judges, one appointed by the king of France, 

 and the other by the bishop of Urgel, in Spain, preside over the administration of justice inthe 

 retired and peaceful valley of Andorra. 



CHAPTER LXXVII. SPAIN. 



Ciiurt of the Jllhamhra, Seville, Spain. 

 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 



1. Boundaries and Exlent. Spain Is bounded north by the Bay of Biscay and France, east 

 and south by the Mediterranean nnd the Straits of Gibraltar, and west by Portugal and the 

 Atlantic. It extends from 35'^ 57' to 4 3° 44' N. latitude, and from. 3° 20' E. lo^9° 40' W. 

 longitude. Its greatest length, from east to west, is 640 miles, and itsbreadtii 530, and it con- 

 tains 183,000 square miles. 



