674 



PRINCIPALITY OF MONACO. — TUSCANY. 



is maintained. The duchy is divided into three districts. It contains some iron mines, and 

 stone and marble quarries. The population is 380,000. 



jyiodena, the capital, stands in a j^leasant plain, and has a neat, handsome appearance. Its 

 general architecture is striking to a stranger, the greater part of the streets being built whh open 

 arcades. The ducal palace is a large and elegant structure, with a gallery of pictures and an- 

 tiquities, and a library of 80,000 volumes. Here is also a university. Population, 26,800. 

 Reggio^ a handsome town, with 18,000 inhabitants, was the birthplace of Ariosto. 



Massa stands on a small elevation a mile or two from the seashore. Its situation is perfecily 

 delightful. At the entrance of the town, is the most beautiful bridge in the world, being a sin- 

 gle arch of the finest proportions, built of the purest white marble. The ducal palace is a 

 magnificent pile, fronted by a large inclosure bordered by orange trees. Population, 7,000. 



Carrara^ 5 miles distant, is an ill-built town, but growing rich from its commerce in fine 

 statuary marble. Population, 6,000. 



4. Lucca. This duchy lies upon the Mediterranean, and is bounded on the south by Tus- 

 cany. It contains 418 square miles, and a population of 143,000. It has a senate, which 

 exercises the legislative power. The revenue is 288,000 dollars, and the military force, 1,400 

 men. It is the most populous and best cultivated part of Italy. It is divided into three 

 districts. 



Lucca, the capital, stands in a plain, and is surrounded by walls. The towers of its churches, 

 rising above the ramparts, have a fine effect in the rich and beautiful landscape ; the view is 

 bounded by vine-clad hills, and spotted with villas, over which tower the craggy Apennines. 

 The ramparts are planted with rows of trees, between which is an elevated road round the 

 whole city. The streets are narrow and crooked, and the public buildings without beauty. 

 The churches are streaked and adorned with patches of different colored marble. Here is a 

 university. Population, 22,000. 



CHAPTER LXXXIII. PRINCIPALITY OF MONACO. 



This State, situated on the Sardinian coast, is under the protection of the king of Sardinia. 

 It has an area of 50 square miles, with 6,500 inhabitants. The prince usually resides in Paris. 



Monaco, the capital, is a small town, built upon a rock, with 1,000 inhabitants. The largest 

 town in the principality is JMentone, which has 3,000 inhabitants. 



CHAPTER LXXXIV. TUSCANY. 



1. Boundaries, Extent, and Divisions. The Grand Duchy of Tuscany is bounded north 

 and east by the Roman States, southwest by the Mediterranean, and northwest by Lucca. It 

 contains 8,300 square miles, and is divided into 5 provinces, Florence, Pisa, Sienna, Arezzo, 

 and Grossetto, containing 36 towns, 135 villages, and 2,570 parishes. 



2. Rivers. The chief river is the Jlrno, which rises among the mountains in the eastern 

 part, and flows westerly to the sea. In summer, it is a shallow stream, flowing in the middle 

 of a broad channel ; but when swelled by rains or the melting of the snows, it becomes a broad 

 and deep river. It is navigable by barges from Florence to the sea. It supplies with water 

 above 1,000 canals. The Omirone in the south, is not navigable. The Tiber rises in the 

 mountains of this country. 



3. Islands. The island of Elba is 9 miles from the coast of Tuscany. It is 60 miles in 

 circumference, and contains 160 square miles. It is very mountainous, and instead of wood, 

 the mountains are covered with aromatic plants and bushes. The climate is mild, and the sea- 

 sons change regularly ; autumn and winter are only distinguishable by the greater quantity of 

 rain which falls. The chief production is iron, taken mostly from a single mountain, consisting 

 of one immense mass of iron-ore. The island contains also copper, lead, and silver mines, and 

 produces excellent wine. The chief town, Porto Ferrajo, has a good harbor, and contains 

 600 houses, all built of granite, with 3,000 inhabitants. In 1814, this island was given in en- 

 tire sovereignty to Napoleon, who resided here from May, 1814, till February, 1815. Popu- 

 lation, 13,700. The island of Gorgona, near Leghorn, is famous for the fishing of anchovies. 



4 Climate The climate is exceedingly diversified. On the mountains the snow lies foi 



