692 



GREECE 



elegance with Oriental magnificence ; it contained a famous colossal statue of Jupiter, made of 

 gold and ivory. The temple of Theseus ; the octagonal tower of the wmds ; the monument 

 of Philopappus, near which is shown the Pnyx, or place in which the popular assemblies were 



Isle and Gulf of Salamis. Monument of Philopappus ; in the foregroimd the Pnyx. Mt. Fames. * 



held, and whence the Athenian orators of old "thundered over Greece;" the choragic ivionu- 

 ment of Lysicrates, called also the Lantern of Demosthenes ; Adrian's Gate, and some other 

 edifices are in a more or less complete state of preservation. The population of Athens before 

 the late war, was about 15,000, but is now much reduced. 



In the neighborhood are Lepsina, the ancient Eleusis ; JWarathon^ a small village, upon the 



plains of which the Persians were de- 

 feated by the Atlienians, under Miltia- 

 des, B. C. 490; and Meguris., before 

 the late war a flourishing town, with 

 12,000 inhabitants, but now deserted. 

 Livadia, near the lake Copais, has also 

 been completely ruined by the war, pre- 

 vious to which, it was a busy place, 

 with 10,000 inhabitants. In its vicinity 

 are the ruins of the ancient Thebes., once 

 one of the most important cities of 

 Greece. Salonci, in Phocis, situated 

 near Parnassus, has some manufacturing 

 industry, with from 5,000 to 8,000 m- 

 habitants. In the neighborhood, at the 

 foot of Parnassus, is Ccistri, the ancient 

 Delphi., which contained the oracle of 

 Apollo, resorted to, in ancient times, 

 from all parts of the world. Here is the fountain of Castalia. Lepanto^ JMissolonghi, where 

 Lord Byron died, in 1824, and Jlnatolico, are in Acarnania and iEtolia, of which the capital 

 is Vrachori. 



The walls and other ruins of the ancient Platcea are still discernible, at the foot of Mount 

 CithaBron. In the plain adjoining this town, the Persian army, under Mardonius, was totally 

 defeated by the x\thenians and Lacedemonians. 



jymiplia, or JVapoli di Romania, the capital of Argolis, is the most important town of the 

 Morea, but its situation is unhealthy. It is the strongest fortress in Greece ; its vast citadel is 



