GERMAN AND POLISH PROVINCES OF AUSTRIA. 



739 



mines of silver and cobaxt, and the centre of a mining district, vvliich iLirnishes lead and tin ; 

 Pilsen, S,0()0 inhabitants, deriving an active trade from its woolen manulaclures, and the mines 

 of n-on and alum in its vicinity ; and Carlsbad, Toeplitz, and Seidlitz, known lor ihcir mineral 

 waters, are the other most important Bohemian towns. 



The agricultural products are buckwheat, millet, pulse, saOron, ginger, &c., but hops are 

 the staple article, and their excellence is unsurpassed. The vine is cultivated, but to no great 

 extent. I\Ianufactures are flourishing, and comprise linen thread, and cloth, lace, ribands, silk, 

 paper, cotton cloth, stockings, gloves, leather, iron, brass, tin, cutlery, and jevvelry. 



Bohemia was occupied by German tribes in the 4th century. An army of Sclavonians sub- 

 dued the country in the 6th century. The first sovereign known by name was Przemislas, a 

 peasant, whom the princess Libussa married in 632, and raised to the throne. The sovereigns 

 were at first called dukes, but the title of king was granted in 1061, by the Emperor Henry 

 the Tenth. Bohemia was united to the German empire in 1310, but separaled from it in the 

 next century. In the 17th century it became an appendage to the Austrian monarchy. 



6. JMargraviate of Jlloravia and Aiistrial Silesia. 'I'hese provinces are bounded north by 



Bohemia and Prussian Silesia, east by Hungary and Galicia, 

 south by Austria, and west by Bohemia. They contain 

 10,100 square miles, and 2,000,000 inliabitants. Half the 

 country is covered with mountains and forests. In the level 

 parts are bogs, lakes, and morasses. A number of small 

 streams here unite and form the J\Iorava, which flows into 

 the Danube. In the mountainous parts, the climate is so cold, 

 that stoves are used all the }'ear ; yet the air is salubrious. 

 Game and venison are plentiful, and the country had once 

 mines of gold, which are now exhausted. 



Brunn., the capital of Moravia, has a citadel on an emi- 

 nence 806 feet high. The city is well built, and the pub- 

 lic edifices are splendid. Population, 38,000. Olmvtz, 

 with 18,000 inhabitants, is noted as the prison of Lafayette. 

 The village of Aiisterlitz., is 12 miles from Brunn, and is 

 celebrated for one of Napoleon's greatest victories. Trop- 

 pau, in Silesia, has 10,000 inhabitants, and is famous for a 

 congress held here, in 1820. The inhabitants raise corn 

 sufiiicient for their own subsistence and for exportation. 

 Hemp, flax, fruits, and vegetables, are also largely culti- 

 vated. Moravia was part of a great kingdom partitioned, in 

 the iOth century, by the surrounding powers. Since the 

 11th century, it has been for the most of the time attached 

 to Bohemia. Silesia is a part of the duchy of that name, 

 the most of which was assigned to Piussia, in 1742. 

 This country is boimded north by the republic of Cracow and the 



kingdom of Poland, east by Russia, 

 and south and west by the Hungarian 

 States. It contains 33,000 square 

 miles, and 4,550,000 inhabitants. The 

 Crapack or Carpatliitin Mountains 

 divide it from Hungar3% and send oft" 

 several branches into this country, but 

 the greater part declines gradually from 

 the highlands into an immense plain. 



The Dniester rises on the north of 

 the mountains, and passes southeast- 

 erly into Russia. The Prnlh also 

 rises here, and flows in the same 

 direction. The head streams of the 

 Vistula and Bug water the north- 

 ern and western parts. The soil in 

 Mines of Widiczkcu the north and west is only moderately 



Peasant of Moravia. 



7. Kingdom of Galicia. 



