744 



PRUSSIA. 



amount The portion of the coast from which it is taken is 8 leagues in extent, from Pillau to 

 beyond Polangen. About 200 tons are produced annually, yielding a revenue of 22,000 dol- 

 lars to the king. 



9. Face of the Country. The eastern part is an immense plain, so flat towards the sea, 

 that the coast would be exposed to inundation were it not protected by downs of sand. The 

 rivers have so little descent to carry off their waters, that they run into stagnant lakes. The 

 western part is somewhat hilly. Forests of great extent exist in both divisions. 



10. Divisions. The Prussian monarchy is divided into 8 provinces, which are subdivided 

 into 25 governments and 328 circles. Two of the provinces are in the western, and the re- 

 mainder in the eastern section. 



Pomerania, 

 Brandenburg. 



Provinces of Western Prussia. 

 Westphalia, 

 Rhine. 



Brahe, a tributary of the Vistula, with 

 The Frederic- William Canal unites 



Provinces of Eastern Prussia. 

 J Prussia, 

 ■< Grand Duchy of Posen, 



Saxony, 



Silesia, 



11. Canals. The Bromberg Canal connects the 

 the Netze, a tributary of the Oder; 16 miles long, 

 the Oder above Frankfort with the Spree, and the Plauen Canal connects the Elbe and the 

 Havel. There are some other canals, but, as well as those above mentioned, they are of no 

 great extent, 



12. Towns. Berlin., the capital, situated in the midst of a sandy plain upon the Spree, is 

 a handsome city, with spacious and regular streets, adorned with several fine squares and many 



elegant edifices. The Royal pal- 

 ace is one of the most magnificent 

 in Europe, and the arsenal is one 

 of the largest in the world. Sev- 

 eral palaces of the royal princes 

 and of the nobility, and many pub- 

 lic edifices and churches, are also 

 handsome buildings. Some of the 

 22 squares are adorned with stat- 

 ues or other monuments, and Lime- 

 street, planted with 6 rows of lime 

 trees, is one of the most beautiful 

 streets in Europe. There is a 

 great number of literary institutions 

 and scientific establishments, which 

 are of a high order. The univer- 

 sity, with its beautiful halls and ex- 

 cellent collections, is perhaps equal 

 to any in the world ; and there are 

 5 colleges, 7 gymnasiums, and other higher schools, with upwards of 100 elementary schools. 

 The Zoological Garden is a favorite promenade ; and the Parade-ground is an extensive field, 

 used for military reviews. Population, 240,000. 



Potsdam, the capital of Brandenburg, situated upon the Havel, is the second royal residence. 

 It is a handsome city, with a royal castle, and many elegant edifices. Population, 32,000. 

 In its neighborhood are three royal palaces, among which, that of Sans Souci is the most fa- 

 mous. Frankfort on the Oder, has a thriving commerce, and 17,000 inhabitants. Stettin, or: 

 the Oder, is a fortified town, with one of the best ports in Prussia. Population, 32,200. 

 Large vessels stop at Swincmunde. Stralsund, in this vicinity, is an important commercial 

 town, with 16,000 inhabitants. Breslau, upon the Oder, capital of Silesia, is ofiiclally styled 

 the third capital of the kingdom. Its university, with numerous scientific institutions and a val- 

 uable library, the extent of its commerce and manufactures, and its population, amounting to 

 90,000 souls, render it the second city in Prussia. 



Posen Is a large and flourishing city upon the Wartha. It Is strongly fortified, and Its three 

 annual fairs render its trade brisk. Population, 28.500. Koenigsberg, near the mouth of the 



Royal Palace. 



