758 



SAXONY. 



Dresden, the capital, is a beautiful city, with spacious streets and elegant buildings, delight- 

 fully situated, in the midst of a rich district, through which broad and well-shaded a enues lead 



, . to the city. One of the 



finest bridges in Europe has 

 been built over the Elbe, 

 upon the banks of which 

 Dresden is built. The pal- 

 aces belonging to the royal 

 family, several of those of 

 the nobility, many of the 18 

 churches, its rich collections 

 of art, cabinets of science, 

 and learned establishments, 

 particularly the picture gal- 

 lery, one of the richest in 

 the world, the collection 

 of engravings, comprising 

 200, OUO pieces, and the li- 

 brary, witli 250,000 vol- 

 umes, are among the orna- 

 ments of the city. Dresden 

 has an active trade, support- 

 ed by its extensive manufac- 

 tures, including jewelry, mu- 

 sical instruments, gloves, 

 cotton and woolen goods, 

 &c. Population, 70,000, 

 exclusive of many strangers 

 who reside here, attracted 

 by its treasures of art, its 

 excellent institutions for ed- 

 ucation, and its agreeable 

 situation. In the vicinity 

 are Pilnitz^ with a magnifi- 

 cent summer residence of 

 the royal family, and Koe- 

 nigstein, an impregnable 

 mountain fortress, built up- 

 on a rock rising out of the 

 plain to the height of 1,400 

 feet ; it contains a well 1,200 

 feet deep. 



Interior of the Palace, Dresden. 



Leipsic or Leipzig is a well-built town, pleasantly situated in an extensive plain, and is chiefly 

 remarkable for its trade and manufactures. Three great fairs are held here annually, which are 

 considered among the most important in the world. The number of purchasers who assem- 

 ble at these fairs, is 8,000 or 9,000, and the amount of the sales is between 15,000,000 and 

 20,000,000 dollars. The book fairs, in particular, are unique, and Leipsic is the greatest book 

 market in the world. The university here is one of the best in Germany. Two celebrated 

 battles have been fought on the plains of Leipsic ; in 1631, the Swedish king, Gustavus Adol- 

 phus defeated the troops of the empire here, and thus saved the Protestant cause in the north 

 of Germany ; in the great battle of 1813, one of the most important in modern times. Napo- 

 leon was obliged to retreat before the emperors of Russia and Austria, and the king of Prus- 

 sia, after a protracted resistance of several days. Population of Leipsic, 41,000 



Freyberg, with 12,000 inhabitants, a celebrated mining town, is surrounded hy rich silver 

 mines, which, with those of copper and lead, employ 5,000 laborers. The mining academy 

 is the most remarkable institution. Chemnitz, noted for its cotton manufactures, has 16,000 

 inhabitants ; Meissen, wilh 4,000, is noted for its porcelain, and Bautzen, with 12,000, for its 



