BRUNSWICK. - HESSIAN STATES. 



761 



having been, in the beginning of the 

 present century, the residence of 

 many distinguished German scholars 

 and authors, attracted thither by the 

 patronage of the court. Schiller, 

 Herder, Gothe, Wieland, and 

 Cotzebue, with others, were as- 

 sembled here at the same time 

 Population, 10,000. 



Jena, in a charming valley, con- 

 tains an anc\ent university, which 

 ranks among the first in Germany ; 

 the library comprises 100,000 vol- 

 umes. In 1806, Napoleon gained 

 a complete victory over the Prus- 

 sians here. Population, 5,000. 



Eisenach, 8,000 inhabitants, is a 

 well-built town, with some manu- 

 factures. In its vicinity on the 

 Wartburg, is a mountain fortress, in which Luther was concealed by his friends, when put 

 under the ban of the empire for his religious doctrines. Here he spent nearly a year, and 

 occupied his time in translating the New Testament into the vernacular tongue. 



3. Saxe-Coburg- Gotha. The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg consists of .3 detached portions, the 

 principalities of Coburg, of Gotha, and of Lichtenberg. Area, 790 square miles ; population, 

 134,000. Gotha, the capital, is a manufacturing town, with 12,000 inhabitants ; here are the 

 ducal palace, and a fine public library of 150,000 volumes. In the vicinity is the celebrated 

 observatory of Seeberg. Coburg, with 8,000 inhabitants, has several literary establishments, 

 and considerable manufacturing industry. 



4. Saxe-AUenburg. The Duchy of Saxe-Jiltenburg has an area of 500 square miles, vvith 

 1 15,200 inhabitants. Jlltenhurg, the capital, is a place of some trade and manufactures, with 

 12,000 inhabhants. 



5. Saxe-JWeiningen-Hildburghausen. The Duchy of Saxe-JVIeiningen has an area of 900 

 square miles, and a population of 148,000. JWeiningen, the capital, is a manufacturing t^wn, 

 with 5,000 inhabitants. Hildburghausen has a population of 4,000 souls. 



CHAPTER CV. DUCHY OF BRUNSWICK. * 



This State consists of 3 entirely detached portions, surrounded by the Hanoverian and Prus- 

 sian provinces. Area, 1,500 square miles ; population, 250,000. Brunswick, the capital, is a 

 large and weil-built city, which contains a number of public edifices, and several literary institu- 

 tions of some celebrity. Its trade and manufactures are important, and its fairs rank next to 

 those of Leipsic and Frankfort. Population, 36,000. Wolfenbuttel, in the vicinity, with 

 8,000 inhabitants, contains a very large and valuable library, considered one of the richest in 

 Europe ; it comprises 200,000 printed volumes, and 10,000 manuscripts. The religion of 

 the great majority of the people is Lutheran ; the government is a constitutional monarchy. 

 The breweries and distilleries, the manufactures of linen and leather, the porcelain works, and 

 the iron, lead, and copper mines, employ many of the inhabitants. 



CHAPTER CVI. HESSIAN STATES. 



1. Boundaries, &c. The estates of the House of Hesse consist of the 3 states of Hesse- 

 Cassel, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Hesse-Homburg. They lie between Prussia, Bavaria, Baden, 

 and Nassau. The inhabitants are chiefly Protestants, but about one fifth are Roman Cathohcs. 

 The government of Hesse-Darmstadt is a constitutional monarchy ; the others are absolute. 



2. Electoral Hesse. Hesse-Cassel, or the principality of Electoral Hess has an area of 

 4,400 square miles, with 700,000 inhabitants. 



96 



